{"id":27418,"date":"2025-09-12T12:11:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T12:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=27418"},"modified":"2025-09-14T16:53:52","modified_gmt":"2025-09-14T16:53:52","slug":"beyond-health-the-economic-impact-of-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/beyond-health-the-economic-impact-of-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1: \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c3 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\">\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/antimicrobial-resistances-strategies-antibiotics\/\"><strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong><\/a> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd. \u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/antibiotics-sheep-goats\/\"><strong>\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1<\/strong><\/a> \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/strong>, \u03bf\u03b9 <strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong>. \u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b6\u03c9\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 <strong>\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\" style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><p>\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 15% (Herawati, O., 2023)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03c9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong> \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ae \u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27388\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27388\" style=\"width: 974px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27386 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"974\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance-.jpg 974w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance--300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance--768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance--750x480.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 974px) 100vw, 974px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 1. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/staphyloccoci-vaccination-mastitis-sheep-goats\/\"><em><strong>Staphylococcus spp<\/strong><\/em><\/a> \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/strong> \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd <strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 <strong>\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\" style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf S. aureus \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27477\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27477\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27477 size-jnews-750x536\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-750x536.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-750x535.png 750w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-1024x730.png 1024w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-1536x1095.png 1536w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-2048x1460.png 2048w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-120x86.png 120w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-350x250.png 350w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/img-smallruminants-ImpactoeconomicoATB-GR-1140x813.png 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27477\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 2. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac: \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (P), \u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (AMP), \u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (AML), \u03c7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (C), \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (S), \u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (TE), \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b8\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (KF), \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (CN), \u03c3\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bb\u03bf\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (CIP) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c6\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03bf\u03be\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 (STX). \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: (Herawati, O., 2023)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a4\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 <strong>\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd <em>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <em>Pseudomonas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\" style=\"font-size: 20pt;\"><p>\u0395\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 17 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u0397\u03a0\u0391 (Herawati, O., 2023)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bf. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <strong>\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd <strong>\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc<\/strong>, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 <strong>\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2<\/strong> (Hatem, M.E., 2013).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27398\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27398\" style=\"width: 727px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27396 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"727\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance_3.jpg 727w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/antimicrobial-resistance_3-300x271.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27398\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0395\u03b9\u03ba. 3. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E. coli:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0388\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (EFSA) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 <em>E. coli<\/em> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc <strong>\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af <strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03c8\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac, \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7: <a>https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-10\/9977.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0397 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/strong> \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 <strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/strong>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 <strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0386\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc:<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Herawati, O., et al (2023) The global profile of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from goats and sheep: A systematic review. Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916<br \/>\nHatem, M.E., et al. (2013) Bacterial abscessation in sheep and goat in Giza governorate with full antibiogram screening. Glob. Vet., 10(4): 372\u2013381.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":9176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antibiotic-reduction-el"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 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