{"id":5569,"date":"2021-07-20T10:04:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T10:04:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=5569"},"modified":"2022-02-18T10:01:22","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T10:01:22","slug":"antibiotics-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/antibiotics-history\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd: \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/category\/antibiotic-reduction-el\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6201\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-300x246.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"205\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-768x630.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-750x615.png 750w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics.png 857w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"intro-text\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.3109\/08941939.2012.664099?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd<\/a> \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9&#8230;\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03b1;<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 2500 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u0391\u03af\u03b3\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u00ab\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5533\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5533\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5535 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin.jpg 650w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-Synthetic-Production-of-Penicillin-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Alexander Fleming. Source: Official photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u03a0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h2>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1890, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Emmerich \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 L\u00f6w. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <em>Pseudomona aeruginosa<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c6\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03af\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>To 1909, o <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31733401\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul Ehrlich<\/a> \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf Salvars\u00e1n\u00ae, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u00ab\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7<\/h2>\n<p>O <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327652398_History_of_Antibiotics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alexander Fleming<\/a> \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c6\u03c5\u0390\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1928, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03cd\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 <em>Penicillium<\/em> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u00ab\u039f Flemming \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf Penicillium.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392&#8217; \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03a0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5587\" style=\"width: 1366px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5587 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1366\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el.jpg 1366w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el-750x422.jpg 750w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/antibiotics-el-1140x641.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1. \u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u0395\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1<\/h2>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 &#8220;40, \u03be\u03ad\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/24326504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae<\/a> \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u00ab\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03b4\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u03a0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1;<\/h2>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u25cf \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u25cf \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u25cf \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u25cf \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/y5468s\/y5468s02.htm#bm02\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00a0<\/a>\u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/el\/%cf%80%cf%81%cf%8c%ce%bb%ce%b7%cf%88%ce%b7-%ce%ad%ce%bb%ce%b5%ce%b3%cf%87%ce%bf%cf%82-%ce%b5%ce%bd%ce%b6%cf%89%ce%bf%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%ba%ce%ae%cf%82-%ce%b1%cf%80%ce%bf%ce%b2%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%ae%cf%82\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b7<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u00ab\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h6><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03cc\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9; \u0391\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9&#8230;\u00a0 &nbsp; \u03a0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03b1; \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 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