{"id":5541,"date":"2021-07-20T10:04:43","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T10:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=5541"},"modified":"2022-02-18T09:55:23","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T09:55:23","slug":"historia-antibioticos-cronologia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/es\/historia-antibioticos-cronologia\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia de los antibi\u00f3ticos: la batalla entre el hombre y las bacterias"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Antiguamente, las infecciones eran la principal causa de muerte<\/a> del ser humano. En el \u00faltimo siglo la medicina ha evolucionado r\u00e1pidamente y ha aumentado la esperanza de vida de las personas gracias a los antibi\u00f3ticos. Pero \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo empezaron a usarse? Si te interesa saber sobre esta emocionante historia, sigue leyendo\u2026\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo empez\u00f3 todo?<\/h2>\n

La primera evidencia que tenemos de su uso es en China hace 2500 a\u00f1os, donde conoc\u00edan las propiedades terap\u00e9uticas de la soja enmohecida. En el antiguo Egipto y Grecia tambi\u00e9n usaban mohos y plantas para tratar infecciones.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn la Antig\u00fcedad empleaban mohos y plantas que produc\u00edan sustancias antibi\u00f3ticas.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Profesor Alexander Fleming. Fuente: Official photographer, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Usos m\u00e1s modernos de los antibi\u00f3ticos<\/h2>\n

El primer uso cl\u00ednico de un antibi\u00f3tico fue en 1890s, con el descubrimiento de la pyocyanasa por Emmerich y L\u00f6w. Se obten\u00eda de Pseudomona aeruginosa<\/em>, y era usada para tratar el c\u00f3lera y tifus, pero con dudosa eficacia y seguridad.<\/p>\n

En 1909, Paul Ehrlich<\/a> empez\u00f3 a usar el Salvarsan, un f\u00e1rmaco derivado del ars\u00e9nico que era eficaz para tratar la s\u00edfilis.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos primeros antibi\u00f3ticos de uso cl\u00ednico eran poco eficaces y seguros.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Un descubrimiento fortuito<\/h2>\n

Alexander Fleming<\/a> era conocido por su inteligencia, pero tambi\u00e9n por no ser muy cuidadoso. En 1928, algunos de sus cultivos microbianos se hab\u00edan contaminado por unos mohos, y observ\u00f3 que a su alrededor no hab\u00eda bacterias.<\/p>\n

Identific\u00f3 al hongo como Penicillium<\/em> y nombr\u00f3 penicilina a la sustancia que produc\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\u201cFlemming observ\u00f3 que alrededor del Penicillium no hab\u00eda crecimiento bacteriano .\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

No obstante, no fue hasta la <\/span><\/span>Segunda Guerra mundial<\/span><\/span> cuando se empez\u00f3 a producir penicilina en grandes cantidades para poder tratar enfermedade<\/span><\/span>s.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Figura 1. Cronolog\u00eda del descubrimiento de algunos antibi\u00f3ticos importantes en veterinaria, y de la aparici\u00f3n de resistencias.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Evoluci\u00f3n hasta la actualidad: Edad dorada de los antibi\u00f3ticos<\/h2>\n

Durante los a\u00f1os 40 estall\u00f3 la Edad dorada<\/a> de los antibi\u00f3ticos. Se descubrieron numerosos tipos en un per\u00edodo corto de tiempo, y se usaron en exceso.<\/p>\n

Este uso descontrolado favoreci\u00f3 el desarrollo de resistencias, poniendo en riesgo su efectividad.<\/p>\n

\u201cDespu\u00e9s del descubrimiento de la penicilina, se dispar\u00f3 la b\u00fasqueda y el uso de nuevas sustancias.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hace d\u00e9cadas que no aparecen nuevos antibi\u00f3ticos y, en consecuencia, hay bacterias multirresistentes que cada vez causan m\u00e1s muertes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo han ayudado a la humanidad?<\/h2>\n

Los antibi\u00f3ticos han permitido:<\/p>\n

\u25cf Tratar enfermedades infecciosas que antes eran mortales.\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u25cf La evoluci\u00f3n de especialidades m\u00e9dicas.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u25cf El desarrollo de procedimientos como cirug\u00edas, trasplantes y tratamiento contra el c\u00e1ncer.<\/strong>
\n\u25cf En veterinaria<\/a>, para tratar animales enfermos, mejorar su crecimiento y como profilaxis<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cEl uso de antibi\u00f3ticos ha supuesto el mayor avance en la medicina durante el siglo XX.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antiguamente, las infecciones eran la principal causa de muerte del ser humano. En el \u00faltimo siglo la medicina ha evolucionado r\u00e1pidamente y ha aumentado la esperanza de vida de las personas gracias a los antibi\u00f3ticos. Pero \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo empezaron a usarse? Si te interesa saber sobre esta emocionante historia, sigue leyendo\u2026\u00a0   \u00bfCu\u00e1ndo empez\u00f3 todo? La […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":5548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reduccion-antibioticos"],"yoast_head":"\nHistoria de los antibi\u00f3ticos en medicina humana y producci\u00f3n animal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uso de antibi\u00f3ticos y evoluci\u00f3n en medicina humana y producci\u00f3n animal. 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