{"id":7406,"date":"2022-05-04T09:52:07","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T09:52:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=7406"},"modified":"2026-02-18T13:24:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T13:24:36","slug":"complejo-respiratorio-ovino-leucotoxina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/es\/complejo-respiratorio-ovino-leucotoxina\/","title":{"rendered":"Complejo respiratorio ovino: comprendiendo sus secretos"},"content":{"rendered":"
El complejo respiratorio ovino, causa grandes p\u00e9rdidas<\/a> en las granjas de ovejas y cabras. El principal pat\u00f3geno es Mannhemia Haemolytica<\/em>, que tiene diversos factores de virulencia responsables de provocar la enfermedad. A continuaci\u00f3n, veremos c\u00f3mo act\u00faa el m\u00e1s importante de ellos: la leucotoxina. <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Para empezar…<\/h2>\n

Mannheimia haemolytica <\/em>es la causante de pleuroneumon\u00eda fibrinosa<\/a>\u00a0en los rumiantes, adem\u00e1s de septicemia en corderos y mastitis<\/a>\u00a0en ovejas. Tiene diversos factores de virulencia: la leucotoxina (Lkt), lipopolisac\u00e1ridos, prote\u00ednas de membrana externa, prote\u00ednas reguladas por hierro, fimbrias, enzimas, adhesinas, ant\u00edgenos aglutinantes serotipo-espec\u00edfico y pl\u00e1smidos de resistencia a antibi\u00f3ti\u00adcos<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La leucotoxina es la responsable de los signos cl\u00ednicos y las lesiones pulmonares.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La leucotoxina<\/a>, est\u00e1 presente en todos los serotipos y se produce cuando la bacteria est\u00e1 en fase de crecimiento<\/strong> logar\u00edtmico. Es el principal<\/strong> factor de virulencia y las c\u00e9lulas afectadas son los leucocitos<\/strong>, especialmente los polimorfonucleares.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo act\u00faa la leucotoxina?<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. En concentraciones bajas, la leucotoxina activa a los macr\u00f3fagos<\/strong> alveolares, y \u00e9stos al liberar citoquinas<\/strong> estimulan la migraci\u00f3n de neutr\u00f3filos<\/strong> a los alveolos.<\/li>\n
  2. Tanto macr\u00f3fagos como neutr\u00f3filos son activados por la leucotoxina<\/strong> y se liberan mediadores de la inflamaci\u00f3n como radicales t\u00f3xicos de ox\u00edgeno, proteasas, citoquinas<\/strong>, y adem\u00e1s promueve la apoptosis<\/a>. Esto permite a Mannheimia escapar de la vigilancia del sistema inmune y de la respuesta innata.<\/li>\n
  3. A altas concentraciones, la leucotoxina destruye los leucocitos formando poros<\/strong> en sus membranas. De esta manera, Mannheimia puede seguir proliferando f\u00e1cilmente.<\/li>\n
  4. Adem\u00e1s, con la destrucci\u00f3n de estas c\u00e9lulas se liberan sustancias t\u00f3xicas<\/strong> como enzimas proteol\u00edticas, histamina, prostaglandinas<\/strong>\u2026 etc que da\u00f1an el tejido pulmonar.<\/li>\n
  5. Estos procesos provocan las lesiones t\u00edpicas fibrinopurulentas<\/strong> y de necrosis<\/strong> en el pulm\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"
    Fig 1. Procesos biol\u00f3gicos provocados por la leucotoxina en el espacio alveolar, causantes de las lesiones pulmonares.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Luchas contra el problema<\/h2>\n

    Mannheimia supera los mecanismos de defensa<\/strong> del hu\u00e9sped gracias a la acci\u00f3n de la leucotoxina, por lo que es importante proteger a los animales contra ella.<\/p>\n

    Por ese motivo, las\u00a0vacunas que contienen el leucotoxoide<\/a> se muestran como la mejor opci\u00f3n para controlar el complejo respiratorio ovino<\/strong>. Se ha demostrado que estas vacunas estimulan altos t\u00edtulos de anticuerpos<\/strong> contra la leucotoxina, confiriendo una alta protecci\u00f3n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Las vacunas que contienen leucotoxoide, son la mejor opci\u00f3n para proteger contra el complejo respiratorio ovino.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Art\u00edculo escrito por: <\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Product Manager Small Ruminants Unit \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El complejo respiratorio ovino, causa grandes p\u00e9rdidas en las granjas de ovejas y cabras. El principal pat\u00f3geno es Mannhemia Haemolytica, que tiene diversos factores de virulencia responsables de provocar la enfermedad. A continuaci\u00f3n, veremos c\u00f3mo act\u00faa el m\u00e1s importante de ellos: la leucotoxina.   Para empezar… Mannheimia haemolytica es la causante de pleuroneumon\u00eda fibrinosa\u00a0en los […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-respiratorio"],"yoast_head":"\nLeucotoxina: Complejo respiratorio ovino<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mannheimia haemolytica es la causante de pleuroneumon\u00eda fibrinosa en los rumiantes, adem\u00e1s de septicemia en corderos y mastitis en ovejas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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