{"id":8295,"date":"2023-03-01T11:42:56","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T11:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/clostridia-what-are-the-most-important-species\/"},"modified":"2023-03-17T10:46:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T10:46:14","slug":"principales-clostridios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/es\/principales-clostridios\/","title":{"rendered":"Clostridios: \u00bfCu\u00e1les son las especies m\u00e1s importantes?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Los clostridios son responsables de diversas patolog\u00edas en los peque\u00f1os rumiantes. Muchas veces el \u00fanico signo cl\u00ednico son animales muertos sin ninguna causa aparente. El impacto de esta enfermedad es global, pero existen herramientas a disposici\u00f3n de ganaderos y veterinarios para prevenir este problema. Conozca m\u00e1s del tema en el siguiente art\u00edculo. <\/strong><\/div>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 son los clostridios?<\/h2>\n

Los clostridios<\/a>\u00a0son un grupo de bacterias Gram+ anaerobias, de forma redonda y productoras de toxinas, que se encuentran en el medio ambiente y tracto digestivo. Causan toxiinfecciones no contagiosas, mayormente de curso hiperagudo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"principales
Fig 1. Los clostridios tienen distribuci\u00f3n mundial y pueden afectar a cualquier explotaci\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Se agrupan en 3 grandes grupos, seg\u00fan la acci\u00f3n de la toxina:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Histot\u00f3xicos: <\/strong>afectan las c\u00e9lulas sangu\u00edneas, las membranas celulares de los tejidos y al endotelio. Causan gangrena y edema en tejido muscular principalmente.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Enterot\u00f3xicos: <\/strong>aumentan la permeabilidad, motilidad, vasodilataci\u00f3n del intestino, y tambi\u00e9n destruyen la mucosa.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Neurot\u00f3xicos: <\/strong>afectan el sistema nervioso.<\/p>\n

Las toxinas son las responsables de los s\u00edntomas cl\u00ednicos, la muerte del animal y\u00a0 las lesiones observables a la necropsia.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Los principales Clostridios<\/h2>\n

Los clostridios m\u00e1s frecuentes<\/a> en peque\u00f1os rumiantes son:<\/p>\n

\u2013 C. perfringens<\/strong><\/em>: es el m\u00e1s importante.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 tipo D<\/strong>: principal causa de enterotoxemia y muerte s\u00fabita. En la inspecci\u00f3n Post Morten podemos observar el ri\u00f1\u00f3n pulposo.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 tipo B y C:<\/strong> afectan a animales j\u00f3venes, causando diarrea hemorr\u00e1gica y muerte.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. novyi<\/em>:<\/strong> principalmente el tipo B, es la causa de necrosis hep\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. chauvoei<\/em>:<\/strong> responsable del carbunco sintom\u00e1tico (black leg). Podemos observar animales con cojera y la musculatura negra a causa de la necrosis.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. septicum<\/em>:<\/strong> responsable del braxy (abomasitis) y edema maligno, siendo uno de los que causa p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas m\u00e1s severas..<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. sordellii<\/em>:<\/strong> similar sintomatolog\u00eda al Cl. Septicum<\/em>. Ovino muy susceptible.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. tetani<\/em>:<\/strong>\u00a0es responsable del t\u00e9tano. El signo principal es la par\u00e1lisis r\u00edgida y muerte s\u00fabita.<\/p>\n

Las distintas especies de Clostridios comparten el c\u00f3digo gen\u00e9tico de varias toxinas, pero con diferente capacidad de producci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Factores predisponentes:<\/h2>\n

Las enfermedades clostridiales est\u00e1n relacionadas con los siguientes factores:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Traumatismos<\/strong> o procedimientos quir\u00fargicos y no quir\u00fargicos<\/strong> (Corte de cola, Esquila, parto, castraciones, depredaci\u00f3n\u2026 etc).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cambios bruscos de dieta<\/strong> o mala conservaci\u00f3n<\/strong> del alimento.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mal encalostramiento<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mala desinfecci\u00f3n<\/strong> de los ombligos.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Estr\u00e9s<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusiones<\/h2>\n

\u2013 Los clostridios tienen un impacto global<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Producen toxinas<\/strong>, que son las causantes de la patolog\u00eda.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Causan diversas enfermedades<\/strong>, la mayor\u00eda de curso hiperagudo.<\/p>\n

\u2013 La vacunaci\u00f3n<\/a>\u00a0es la herramienta m\u00e1s eficaz para prevenir la enfermedad clostridial.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo escrito por:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nDavid Raimundo Crespo. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los clostridios son responsables de diversas patolog\u00edas en los peque\u00f1os rumiantes. Muchas veces el \u00fanico signo cl\u00ednico son animales muertos sin ninguna causa aparente. El impacto de esta enfermedad es global, pero existen herramientas a disposici\u00f3n de ganaderos y veterinarios para prevenir este problema. Conozca m\u00e1s del tema en el siguiente art\u00edculo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otros"],"yoast_head":"\nRevisi\u00f3n general de los principales clostridios y los problemas que causan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los clostridios son un grupo de bacterias Gram+ anaerobias, de forma redonda y productoras de toxinas, que se encuentran en el medio ambiente y tracto digestivo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/es\/principales-clostridios\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta 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