{"id":1947,"date":"2020-08-05T11:56:38","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T11:56:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=1947"},"modified":"2020-10-07T12:24:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T12:24:36","slug":"controle-enzootique-avortement-chlamydia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/controle-enzootique-avortement-chlamydia\/","title":{"rendered":"CONTR\u00d4LE DE L\u2019AVORTEMENT \u00c0 CHLAMYDIOSE: Pourquoi cela a-t-il \u00e9t\u00e9 traditionnellement si difficile \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Bien que de nombreux scientifiques et professionnels de l\u2019industrie ont travaill\u00e9 sans rel\u00e2che pour \u00e9liminer ce probl\u00e8me, il reste l\u2019une des causes les plus courantes d\u2019avortement chez les petits ruminants aujourd\u2019hui. Pourquoi ?<\/strong><\/div>\n

C. ABORTUS : UNE LONGUE HISTOIRE!<\/h2>\n

Le premier cas d\u2019avortement enzootique<\/a> ou chlamydiose ovine a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit en \u00c9cosse en 1936. D\u00e8s lors, les scientifiques ont \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la maladie afin de comprendre son comportement et r\u00e9duire les dommages qu\u2019elle peut causer dans l\u2019industrie.<\/p>\n

\"Chlamydia<\/a>
Figure 1. Les pays europ\u00e9ens dans lesquels les taux d\u2019avortement caus\u00e9s par Chlamydia abortus sont sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 35 % sont indiqu\u00e9s en rouge. Dans de nombreux pays, la pr\u00e9valence des diff\u00e9rents agents infectieux est soit inconnue, soit de faible valeur \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique, car les avortements infectieux sont rarement diagnostiqu\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u00e9anmoins, la maladie demeure l\u2019une des principales causes d\u2019avortements chez les petits ruminants dans le monde.<\/p>\n

R\u00c9PONSE \u00c0 L\u2019\u00c9TERNELLE QUESTION<\/h2>\n

Une mesure cl\u00e9<\/strong> mise en \u0153uvre peu de temps apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9couverte afin de contr\u00f4ler le probl\u00e8me<\/a> \u00e9tait d\u2019\u00e9viter tout contact avec des animaux infect\u00e9s<\/strong> d\u2019autres \u00e9levages. Cette mesure explique pourquoi, \u00e0 ce jour, agnelages apr\u00e8s agnelages, la maladie emp\u00eache des milliers d\u2019\u00e9leveurs de dormir.<\/p>\n

La situation id\u00e9ale serait d\u2019immuniser le troupeau et de le maintenir isol\u00e9 des autres troupeaux \u00e0 tout moment.<\/p>\n

\u00abL\u2019achat d\u2019animaux (porteurs asymptomatiques), une pratique fr\u00e9quente et souvent in\u00e9vitable, est la principale cause de l\u2019introduction de chlamydiose dans les troupeaux.\u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Malheureusement, de nos jours, seules quelques \u00e9levages sont capables de maintenir un isolement complet.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Figure 2. Il est tr\u00e8s courant d\u2019acheter des brebis avant le d\u00e9but de la lutte ou m\u00eame lorsqu’elles sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 gestantes. Les animaux peuvent \u00eatre infect\u00e9s (EAE) et rester porteurs asymptomatiques jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la parturition ou l\u2019avortement, et donc devenir la principale source de l\u2019infection dans les troupeaux non infect\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lorsque cela ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9, il existe deux options possibles : acheter uniquement des animaux de troupeaux vaccin\u00e9s ou vacciner les animaux d\u00e8s que possible pour r\u00e9duire le risque de propagation de la maladie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019infection peut uniquement \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9e apr\u00e8s un avortement ou la parturition. \u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La deuxi\u00e8me option pourrait \u00eatre la solution. Le probl\u00e8me vient de brebis gestantes<\/strong> ou de celles destin\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019accouplement dans un d\u00e9lai de moins d\u2019un mois<\/strong> (une pratique courante dans les pays comme le Royaume-Uni). Dans de tels cas, les vaccins vivants att\u00e9nu\u00e9s ne sont pas une option<\/strong> (administration jusqu\u2019\u00e0 un mois avant l\u2019accouplement et jamais au cours de gestation) ; traditionnellement, les vaccins inactiv\u00e9s \u00e9taient \u00e9galement inutiles car ils ne r\u00e9duisaient pas l\u2019excr\u00e9tion.<\/p>\n

UNE \u00c9TAPE IMPORTANTE DANS LA LUTTE CONTRE CHLAMYDIA ABORTUS<\/h2>\n

Cette limitation accompagn\u00e9e de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer le statut vaccinal des animaux signifiait auparavant que la seule fa\u00e7on de contr\u00f4ler le probl\u00e8me \u00e9tait de changer nos habitudes et d\u2019\u00e9viter<\/strong> d\u2019introduire des animaux d\u2019autres \u00e9levages<\/strong>. Dans de nombreux cas, c\u2019\u00e9tait un obstacle pour atteindre la rentabilit\u00e9 souhait\u00e9e, ou simplement infaisable<\/strong> en termes de gestion.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Un vaccin s\u00fbr et efficace contre Chlamydia abortus qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 chez les femelles gestantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 en 2019. \u00bb<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La situation a \u00e9volu\u00e9 en 2019, avec l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019un nouveau vaccin inactiv\u00e9<\/strong><\/a> qui est s\u00fbr et efficace<\/strong> pendant la lactation et la gestation<\/strong> (contrairement aux vaccins vivants att\u00e9nu\u00e9s), et r\u00e9duit<\/strong> significativement l\u2019excr\u00e9tion<\/strong>, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler la chlamydiose, m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019introduire des animaux d\u2019autres \u00e9levages.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bien que de nombreux scientifiques et professionnels de l\u2019industrie ont travaill\u00e9 sans rel\u00e2che pour \u00e9liminer ce probl\u00e8me, il reste l\u2019une des causes les plus courantes d\u2019avortement chez les petits ruminants aujourd\u2019hui. Pourquoi ? C. ABORTUS : UNE LONGUE HISTOIRE! Le premier cas d\u2019avortement enzootique ou chlamydiose ovine a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9crit en \u00c9cosse en 1936. D\u00e8s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reproduction"],"yoast_head":"\nContr\u00f4le de la chlamydiose. 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