{"id":2541,"date":"2020-08-04T07:39:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T07:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/mastitis-diagnosis-in-sheep-goats-according-to-its-origin\/"},"modified":"2020-10-08T12:42:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T12:42:16","slug":"diagnostic-de-mammite-conseils-pour-faciliter-la-tache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/diagnostic-de-mammite-conseils-pour-faciliter-la-tache\/","title":{"rendered":"DIAGNOSTIC DE MAMMITE – Conseils pour faciliter la t\u00e2che"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Le diagnostic de mammite chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres peut sembler compliqu\u00e9. De nombreux facteurs diff\u00e9rents interf\u00e8rent dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie. Cependant, si nous d\u00e9finissons l\u2019origine \u00e9tiologique (associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019animal, environnementale et bact\u00e9ries opportunistes), il devient plus facile de comprendre et d\u2019\u00e9tablir des mesures de contr\u00f4le.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

CLASSIFICATION FACILE POUR CARACT\u00c9RISER LE PROBL\u00c8ME<\/h2>\n

Afin d\u2019identifier la ou les causes de mammite<\/a> et de prendre les bonnes mesures pour la contr\u00f4ler, nous devons avoir l\u2019image suivante \u00e0 l\u2019esprit.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Figure 1: Facteurs \u00e9tiologiques des infections intra-mammaires.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Une fois que nous comprenons cette image, nous d\u00e9finissons 3 origines diff\u00e9rentes qui aident \u00e0 l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des r\u00e9sultats de laboratoire. \u00c0 cette fin, 3 tableaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u201cLes animaux individuels, les micro-organismes et la prise en charge jouent un r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bact\u00e9ries associ\u00e9es aux animaux<\/strong> isol\u00e9es dans les infections intramammaires cliniques ou subcliniques chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bact\u00e9ries environnementales<\/strong> isol\u00e9es dans les infections intramammaires cliniques ou subcliniques chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bact\u00e9ries opportunistes r\u00e9sistantes aux antibiotiques<\/strong> isol\u00e9es dans des infections intramammaires cliniques ou subcliniques chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Notez qu\u2019un r\u00e9sultat bact\u00e9riologique avec :<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Un type de colonie cultiv\u00e9<\/strong> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 habituellement comme valide<\/strong> (m\u00eame si d\u2019autres types peuvent avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sents sans croissance significative dans les milieux)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00b7 Deux types de colonies cultiv\u00e9s<\/strong> doit \u00eatre valid\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux esp\u00e8ces identifi\u00e9es<\/strong> (un type ou les deux peuvent \u00eatre un \u00e9chantillon de contaminant)<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Trois types de colonies cultiv\u00e9s ou plus<\/strong> doit \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme non valide (contamin\u00e9<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

PRINCIPALES CARACT\u00c9RISTIQUES DES PRINCIPAUX AGENTS RESPONSABLES<\/h2>\n

Les isolats de <\/span>S. aureus<\/i><\/b> dans des \u00e9chantillons de lait de brebiset de ch\u00e8vres sont li\u00e9s, et diff\u00e8rent des \u00e9chantillons de lait bovin en montrant plus de variabilit\u00e9. Les souches pr\u00e9sentent une adaptation prononc\u00e9e aux petits ruminants. <\/span>Les souches caprines et ovines sont plus leucotoxiques<\/b> que les souches bovines (Bergonier <\/span>e<\/span><\/i>t al., 2014\u00a0; Bar-Gal et al., 2015\u00a0; Merz et al., 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
S. aureus (g\u00e9lose trypticase soja et milieu RPF).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les esp\u00e8ces les plus fr\u00e9quemment isol\u00e9es de <\/span>SCN<\/b> incluent <\/span>S. epidermidis, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes et S. simulans<\/i><\/b>\u00a0; S. caprae <\/span><\/i>est \u00e9galement fr\u00e9quemment d\u00e9tect\u00e9 chez les ch\u00e8vres, mais \u00e9galement chez les brebis. Les quatre esp\u00e8ces sont \u00e9galement les plus pathog\u00e8nes<\/span>parmi les SCN<\/b>, comme le d\u00e9montre le SCC individuel. Environ vingt autres esp\u00e8ces sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement ou rarement isol\u00e9es. En outre, plusieurs esp\u00e8ces \u00e0 coagulase positive peu fr\u00e9quentes peuvent \u00eatre isol\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de l\u2019IIM des petits ruminants (<\/span>S. intermedius, S. hyicus, <\/span><\/i>etc.)\u00a0; elles peuvent se d\u00e9velopper lorsqu\u2019elles sont \u00e9tal\u00e9es sur g\u00e9lose RPF (Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen [Fibrinog\u00e8ne plasmatique de lapin]).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cS. epidermidis, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes et S. simulans sont les SCN les plus fr\u00e9quents et les plus pathog\u00e8nes\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Au sein des coryn\u00e9formes<\/strong>, peu de Trueperella pyogenes sont isol\u00e9s dans les cas d\u2019IIM subcliniques ; le genre Corynebacterium<\/strong> <\/em>comprend une s\u00e9rie d\u2019esp\u00e8ces g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement non identifi\u00e9es ou mal identifi\u00e9es (par les m\u00e9thodes biochimiques classiques) dont les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s pathog\u00e8nes ne sont pas bien \u00e9tablies.<\/p>\n

\"Mastitis<\/a>
E. coli<\/em> (trypticase soy agar and EMB media).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En ce qui concerne le genre <\/span>Streptococcus<\/i><\/b>, les esp\u00e8ces fr\u00e9quentes sont partiellement d\u00e9pendantes des pays ou des r\u00e9gions\u00a0: <\/span>S. agalactiae <\/span><\/i>chez les brebis en Espagne ou au Portugal (Guerreiro et al., 2013), <\/span>S. uberis <\/span><\/i>en Sardaigne (Marogna et al., 2010), <\/span>S. ovis <\/span><\/i>et <\/span>Aerococcus viridans <\/span><\/i>en France (brebis), etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9servoirs d\u2019infection et les modes de transmission de ces divers organismes sont partiellement diff\u00e9rents\u00a0; en effet, des examens bact\u00e9riologiques avec des esp\u00e8ces sont n\u00e9cessaires pour cibler les principaux mod\u00e8les d\u2019IIM \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques (contagieux <\/span>vs<\/span><\/i> m\u00e9di\u00e9 par les agneaux <\/span>vs<\/span><\/i> mammite environnementale) lors de la mise en \u0153uvre des programmes de contr\u00f4le.<\/span><\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Adapt\u00e9 d\u2019apr\u00e8s Ovipedia Article cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Dominique Bergonier, DVM, Dipl. ECAR, Dipl. ECSRHM, Professeur et chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole nationale v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire (ENV Toulouse) et \u00e0 l\u2019INRA (France).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le diagnostic de mammite chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres peut sembler compliqu\u00e9. De nombreux facteurs diff\u00e9rents interf\u00e8rent dans le d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie. Cependant, si nous d\u00e9finissons l\u2019origine \u00e9tiologique (associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019animal, environnementale et bact\u00e9ries opportunistes), il devient plus facile de comprendre et d\u2019\u00e9tablir des mesures de contr\u00f4le.   CLASSIFICATION FACILE POUR CARACT\u00c9RISER LE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mammites"],"yoast_head":"\nLe diagnostic de mammite chez les petits ruminants est bas\u00e9 sur 3 origines<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le diagnostic de la mammite chez les brebiset les ch\u00e8vres peut sembler compliqu\u00e9. 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