{"id":2572,"date":"2020-08-02T13:01:39","date_gmt":"2020-08-02T13:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/prevention-control-enzootic-abortion-sheep-goats\/"},"modified":"2020-10-07T11:07:36","modified_gmt":"2020-10-07T11:07:36","slug":"prevention-control-of-oea-what-must-we-do-and-not-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/prevention-control-of-oea-what-must-we-do-and-not-do\/","title":{"rendered":"PR\u00c9VENTION ET CONTR\u00d4LE DE LA CHLAMYDIOSE OVINE : Que devons-nous faire et ne pas faire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L\u2019avortement enzootique ovin (Ovine enzootic abortion, OEA) ou Chlamydiose ovine a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en \u00c9cosse en 1936. Depuis lors, la communaut\u00e9 scientifique a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le comportement de cette bact\u00e9rie. L\u2019objectif est de d\u00e9finir une strat\u00e9gie pour contr\u00f4ler et pr\u00e9venir cette maladie, et r\u00e9duire son impact \u00e9conomique. Ici, vous d\u00e9couvrirez ce qui est \u00e0 faire et ne pas faire pour la contr\u00f4ler.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trois types de mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablies dans le contr\u00f4le et la pr\u00e9vention de la chlamydiose :<\/p>\n

MESURES DE PRISE EN CHARGE<\/h2>\n

Celles-ci consistent \u00e0 emp\u00eacher<\/strong> le transfert d\u2019animaux sans contr\u00f4le s\u00e9rologique<\/strong>, \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le contact de brebis gestantes avec<\/strong> des placentas ou des f\u0153tus infect\u00e9s<\/strong> et \u00e0 maintenir les troupeaux sains \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart<\/strong> des troupeaux infect\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"Pregnant<\/a>
FIGURE 1: Les mesures de prise en charge sont essentielles pour contr\u00f4ler et pr\u00e9venir l\u2019OEA : \u00e9viter le contact des brebis gestantes avec des mat\u00e9riaux issus d\u2019avortement, nettoyer et d\u00e9sinfecter les enclos d\u2019agnelage.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ces mesures ne sont pas suffisantes, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s pour isoler les animaux infect\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u201cLes mesures de prise en charge sont essentielles pour contr\u00f4ler la chlamydiose ovine et doivent \u00eatre associ\u00e9es \u00e0 la vaccination.\u201c<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

UTILISATION DES ANTIBIOTIQUES<\/h2>\n

Ce type de mesure, dans le contr\u00f4le d\u2019une infection \u00e0 C. abortus, est hautement influenc\u00e9 par une caract\u00e9ristique intrins\u00e8que de Chlamydia, \u00e0 savoir qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019une bact\u00e9rie intracellulaire stricte.<\/p>\n

\"antibiotics\"<\/a>
FIGURE 2: Source : campagne \u00ab Antibiotics: handle with care \u00bb (Antibiotiques : \u00e0 utiliser avec pr\u00e9caution)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, bien que ce soit une bact\u00e9rie sensible \u00e0 de nombreux antibiotiques, il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019avoir des concentrations \u00e9lev\u00e9es d\u2019antibiotiques dans le sang<\/strong> pour obtenir de bons r\u00e9sultats th\u00e9rapeutiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u2019antibioth\u00e9rapie est non viable sur le plan \u00e9conomique et inefficace.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ces faits, associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la difficult\u00e9 de pr\u00e9dire le moment de l\u2019infection, rendent l\u2019utilisation de ces mesures, durant certaines p\u00e9riodes de la gestation, non viables sur le plan \u00e9conomique, et l\u2019utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des antibiotiques pourrait <\/span>\u00eatre responsable de la persistance d\u2019une infection subclinique chez l\u2019animal<\/b> ou du risque possible d\u2019apparition d\u2019une r\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Cycle<\/a>
FIGURE 3: Cycle de Chlamydia abortus (biphasique) : forme infectieuse et r\u00e9sistante (corps \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire, CE) ; forme non infectieuse (corps r\u00e9ticul\u00e9, CR). La dose recommand\u00e9e de certains antibiotiques (tels que les t\u00e9tracyclines) est inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la dose efficace contre Chlamydia abortus, et elle peut \u00eatre responsable de r\u00e9sistances aux antibiotiques et de la persistance de l\u2019infection qui en r\u00e9sulte dans le troupeau.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cL\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques n\u2019aide pas \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler la chlamydiose\u00a0: les animaux infect\u00e9s continueront \u00e0 s\u00e9cr\u00e9ter et \u00e0 propager l\u2019infection au sein du troupeau.<\/i><\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

LA VACCINATION<\/b><\/h2>\n

Immunisation active\u00a0:<\/b> une vaccination ad\u00e9quate chez les animaux pourrait <\/span>contr\u00f4ler<\/b> l\u2019avortement d\u00fb aux chlamydiae<\/b> chez les ovins, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que la premi\u00e8re exposition des petits ruminants \u00e0 <\/span>C. abortus<\/span><\/i> induit une immunit\u00e9 protectrice emp\u00eachant les probl\u00e8mes de reproduction apr\u00e8s un contact avec cet agent infectieux.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLa vaccination est le meilleur moyen de contr\u00f4ler la chlamydiose.<\/i><\/b>\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pour cette raison, la vaccination est le moyen le plus efficace et le plus important pour contr\u00f4ler et pr\u00e9venir l\u2019avortement enzootique<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\"vaccine
FIGURE 4: Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de vaccin contre l\u2019OEA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019heure actuelle, les principaux types de vaccins qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s contre cette maladie, disponibles sur le march\u00e9 ou exp\u00e9rimentaux, sont les suivants\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mar\u00eda Rosa Caro, Jes\u00fas Salinas et Nieves Ortega, D\u00e9partement de la sant\u00e9 animale, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Murcia. 30100 Murcia, Espagne.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019avortement enzootique ovin (Ovine enzootic abortion, OEA) ou Chlamydiose ovine a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois en \u00c9cosse en 1936. Depuis lors, la communaut\u00e9 scientifique a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le comportement de cette bact\u00e9rie. L\u2019objectif est de d\u00e9finir une strat\u00e9gie pour contr\u00f4ler et pr\u00e9venir cette maladie, et r\u00e9duire son impact \u00e9conomique. Ici, vous d\u00e9couvrirez ce qui […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reproduction"],"yoast_head":"\nChlamydiose chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres : pr\u00e9vention et contr\u00f4le<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mesures de prise en charge, antibiotiques et vaccination. 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