
{"id":26482,"date":"2024-10-10T06:38:09","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T06:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=26482"},"modified":"2024-10-10T06:38:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T06:38:09","slug":"gestion-sante-periode-accouplement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/gestion-sante-periode-accouplement\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestion et sant\u00e9 pendant la p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;accouplement : la cl\u00e9 du succ\u00e8s"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\">\n<p>Brebis et ch\u00e8vres sont pour la plupart des animaux saisonniers. La saison naturelle d&rsquo;accouplement est celle o\u00f9 les heures de jour diminuent. Pour assurer la plus grande efficacit\u00e9 et rentabilit\u00e9 lors de l&rsquo;accouplement, il est n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9parer les b\u00eates en mettant en \u0153uvre certaines actions li\u00e9es \u00e0 leur gestion et \u00e0 leur sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Un moment crucial pour le troupeau<\/h2>\n<p>Pour obtenir les meilleurs r\u00e9sultats de reproduction, des <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/biosecurite-elevage\/\">pratiques de gestion<\/a> et des <strong>mesures sanitaires<\/strong> sp\u00e9cifiques sont n\u00e9cessaires pour que les b\u00eates soient dans une condition optimale.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>La saison d&rsquo;accouplement est d\u00e9terminante pour la rentabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;exploitation<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Quelles sont les pratiques de gestion les plus importantes ?<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>\u00c9tat corporel<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres<\/strong> doivent \u00eatre dans une <strong>condition physique optimale<\/strong> au moment de l\u2019accouplement. Si elles sont tr\u00e8s maigres ou trop grasses, leur <strong>fertilit\u00e9<\/strong> sera affect\u00e9e et le risque de <strong>mortalit\u00e9 embryonnaire<\/strong> augmentera \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&rsquo;id\u00e9al, les b\u00eates devraient pr\u00e9senter une <strong>note d&rsquo;\u00e9tat corporel de\u00a03<\/strong> au moment de l&rsquo;accouplement (\u00e9chelle de\u00a01\u00a0\u00e0\u00a05). Il est conseill\u00e9 de <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/analyse-donnees-petits-ruminants\/\">surveiller<\/a>\u00a0l&rsquo;\u00e9tat corporel tout au long de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e pour ajuster ou modifier l&rsquo;alimentation si n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Il existe une relation directe entre l&rsquo;\u00e9tat corporel, le taux d&rsquo;ovulation et le nombre d&rsquo;agneaux ou de chevreaux n\u00e9s<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26458\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26458\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26457\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mating-season-breeding-management-body-condition-nutrition.png\" alt=\"Optimal body condition and nutrition must be ensured\" width=\"650\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mating-season-breeding-management-body-condition-nutrition.png 866w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mating-season-breeding-management-body-condition-nutrition-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mating-season-breeding-management-body-condition-nutrition-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/mating-season-breeding-management-body-condition-nutrition-750x419.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26458\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig 1. L&rsquo;\u00e9tat corporel et la nutrition doivent \u00eatre optimis\u00e9s.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Autre point important : les femelles <strong>primipares<\/strong> doivent peser au moins <strong>60 % de leur poids adult<\/strong>e.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut \u00e9galement s&rsquo;assurer que les b\u00eates re\u00e7oivent un niveau ad\u00e9quat de prot\u00e9ines, d\u2019\u00e9nergie, de vitamines et de min\u00e9raux.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Flushing<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Le flushing est une strat\u00e9gie qui permet d&rsquo;<strong>am\u00e9liorer la condition<\/strong> des brebis ou des ch\u00e8vres avant l&rsquo;accouplement. Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;augmenter l&rsquo;<strong>\u00e9nergie<\/strong> dans l&rsquo;alimentation en fournissant, par exemple, plus de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales ou d&rsquo;herbes de haute qualit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Le flushing augmente la prolificit\u00e9 et le nombre de naissances, et r\u00e9duit la mortalit\u00e9 embryonnaire<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Il doit \u00eatre commenc\u00e9 4\u00a0\u00e0\u00a02\u00a0semaines <strong>avant la p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;accouplement<\/strong> et peut se poursuivre jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 quelques semaines plus tard.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Gestion des m\u00e2les <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les m\u00e2les doivent \u00e9galement afficher une note d&rsquo;\u00e9tat corporel correcte, autour de 3,5-4.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26468\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26468\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26467\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/male-management-sheep-goats.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/male-management-sheep-goats.png 785w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/male-management-sheep-goats-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/male-management-sheep-goats-768x473.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/male-management-sheep-goats-750x461.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26468\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig 2. Les m\u00e2les doivent \u00eatre en parfaite condition physique et en parfaite sant\u00e9.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Un examen approfondi du<strong> syst\u00e8me reproducteur<\/strong> doit \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> P\u00e9nis, testicules et scrotum sans l\u00e9sions ni palpations anormales<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> Circonf\u00e9rence scrotale<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> \u00c9valuation du sperme<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Sant\u00e9 des b\u00eates <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/comment-calculer-la-rentabilite-de-la-vaccination-contre-les-avortements\/\">Vaccination<\/a> : la vaccination du troupeau contre les <strong>maladies abortives<\/strong> est cruciale. La plupart des protocoles de vaccination sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s avant la reproduction, comme c&rsquo;est le cas pour <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/comprendre-chlamydia-abortus-comment-la-maladie-se-presente-t-elle\/\"><em>C. Abortus<\/em><\/a> et <strong><em>S. Abortusovis<\/em><\/strong>, bien que certains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hipra.com\/fr\/inmeva\">vaccins<\/a>\u00a0aient d\u00e9montr\u00e9 leur <strong>s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et efficacit\u00e9<\/strong> \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres stades reproductifs. La vaccination est la meilleure strat\u00e9gie pour \u00e9viter l\u2019impact de ces maladies, car elle contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le nombre de <strong>probl\u00e8mes de reproduction<\/strong> et l\u2019<strong>excr\u00e9tion<\/strong> du pathog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7<\/strong> <strong>Vermifugation<\/strong>\u00a0: il est recommand\u00e9 de rechercher les parasites et de traiter si n\u00e9cessaire. Sans oublier de prot\u00e9ger des parasites externes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>\u00b7 Sabots\u00a0<\/strong>: ils doivent \u00eatre en bon \u00e9tat, car l&rsquo;accouplement est une p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 intense. Il est recommand\u00e9 de les tailler et de d\u00e9tecter les cas de <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/pietin-efficacite-innocuite-vaccin-exploitations-bresil\/\">pi\u00e9tin<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p>La cl\u00e9 d\u2019une saison d&rsquo;<strong>accouplement<\/strong> r\u00e9ussie est la <strong>planification<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u00b7 <strong>Gestion ad\u00e9quate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u00b7 <strong>Pr\u00e9vention des avortements<\/strong> infectieux gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la vaccination<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par <\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Tania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brebis et ch\u00e8vres sont pour la plupart des animaux saisonniers. La saison naturelle d&rsquo;accouplement est celle o\u00f9 les heures de jour diminuent. Pour assurer la plus grande efficacit\u00e9 et rentabilit\u00e9 lors de l&rsquo;accouplement, il est n\u00e9cessaire de pr\u00e9parer les b\u00eates en mettant en \u0153uvre certaines actions li\u00e9es \u00e0 leur gestion et \u00e0 leur sant\u00e9. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reproduction"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pratiques sanitaires et de gestion pendant la saison d&#039;accouplement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Recommandations de gestion et mesures pr\u00e9ventives, y compris la vaccination, pour prot\u00e9ger ad\u00e9quatement les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres 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