{"id":26772,"date":"2024-12-13T14:14:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T14:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/what-impact-can-inadequate-milking-have\/"},"modified":"2024-12-16T11:49:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T11:49:43","slug":"machine-a-traire-lesions-mamelon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/machine-a-traire-lesions-mamelon\/","title":{"rendered":"Quel peut \u00eatre l\u2019impact d\u2019une traite inappropri\u00e9e ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La transmission d\u2019agents pathog\u00e8nes lors de la traite est la principale cause de mastite chez les petits ruminants. Une mauvaise utilisation ou un dysfonctionnement des machines \u00e0 traire est un facteur de risque de mastite. Dans cet article, nous verrons l\u2019effet direct qu\u2019une traite inappropri\u00e9e peut avoir sur la sant\u00e9 du mamelon et du pis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Origine des infections intramammaires<\/h2>\n

La mastite<\/a>\u00a0chez la brebis et la ch\u00e8vre est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement caus\u00e9e par des staphylocoques<\/a><\/em>\u00a0qui p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la glande par le canal du mamelon.<\/p>\n

La contagion pendant la traite peut se produire de deux mani\u00e8res :<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Active<\/strong>: en raison de facteurs li\u00e9s \u00e0 la machine \u00e0 traire<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Passive<\/strong>: en raison du contact avec le manchon contamin\u00e9<\/p>\n

S. aureus et le SNC p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la glande mammaire par le canal du mamelon<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Impact de la machine<\/h2>\n

Les machines \u00e0 traire, si elles ne fonctionnent pas correctement, peuvent provoquer des l\u00e9sions sur le mamelon qui facilitent l’entr\u00e9e des bact\u00e9ries dans la glande mammaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du mamelon est cruciale pour pr\u00e9venir les infections intramammaires<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"inadequate
Fig. 1. Anneau de mamelon, indicateur d’une traite inappropri\u00e9e.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Trois aspects peuvent \u00eatre responsables d\u2019alt\u00e9rations du mamelon :<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Niveau de vide excessif\u00a0: <\/strong>il doit \u00eatre adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 l’esp\u00e8ce et au type de machine, mais il est recommand\u00e9 de ne pas d\u00e9passer 40-42\u00a0kPa.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Massage inappropri\u00e9 du mamelon\u00a0:<\/strong> cela d\u00e9pendra des bouff\u00e9es et du manchon.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Surtraite\u00a0: <\/strong>cela affecte n\u00e9gativement le mamelon, aussi bien \u00e0 court terme (\u0153d\u00e8me plus important) qu’\u00e0 long terme (hyperk\u00e9ratose).<\/p>\n

Une surtraite de 2\u00a0minutes produit une congestion des parois du mamelon et augmente la longueur du canal du mamelon (Alejandro et al.)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Un autre aspect pertinent est l\u2019entretien des manchons. La duret\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riau, sa dur\u00e9e de vie pr\u00e9vue et son diam\u00e8tre sont des facteurs importants.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quelles l\u00e9sions peut-on voir au niveau du mamelon ?<\/h2>\n

\u00b7 Congestion ou \u0153d\u00e8me\u00a0<\/strong>: l’un des effets les plus courants. Le degr\u00e9 de l’\u0153d\u00e8me d\u00e9pend de la dur\u00e9e de la traite et du niveau de vide.
\nL’\u0153d\u00e8me peut affecter la quantit\u00e9 et la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de k\u00e9ratine et provoquer des l\u00e9sions circulatoires du mamelon qui interf\u00e8rent avec les m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense locaux.<\/p>\n

Le vide de traite est responsable d\u2019un \u0153d\u00e8me accru du mamelon<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Engorgement
Fig 2. Engorgement du mamelon apr\u00e8s la traite.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00b7 Fissures et s\u00e9cheresse cutan\u00e9e\u00a0: <\/strong>parfois provoqu\u00e9es par le froid, un exc\u00e8s d’humidit\u00e9 ou certains produits agressifs.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 St\u00e9nose du canal du mamelon\u00a0: <\/strong>provoque une r\u00e9duction du canal et une augmentation du lait r\u00e9siduel.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Hyperk\u00e9ratose du sphincter\u00a0: <\/strong>caus\u00e9e par une surtraite.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 L\u00e9sions traumatiques\u00a0: <\/strong>coupures, plaies, amputations, etc.<\/p>\n

Les dommages \u00e0 la k\u00e9ratine du canal du mamelon et les alt\u00e9rations du sphincter affectent les m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense naturels<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

Le bon fonctionnement de la machine \u00e0 traire est essentiel \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 du mamelon et du pis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9valuation et l’entretien p\u00e9riodiques de la machine doivent \u00eatre inclus dans le plan de contr\u00f4le de la mastite de l’exploitation, tout comme d’autres mesures telles que la vaccination<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :<\/em><\/strong>
\nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00edaz, JR.; Peris, C.; Romero, G. Efecto del orde\u00f1o mec\u00e1nico en el estado sanitario de la ubre. Congreso nacional SEOC 2014 [Effect of mechanical milking on udder health. Spanish Society of Sheep and Goat Farming National Congress 2014].<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La transmission d\u2019agents pathog\u00e8nes lors de la traite est la principale cause de mastite chez les petits ruminants. Une mauvaise utilisation ou un dysfonctionnement des machines \u00e0 traire est un facteur de risque de mastite. Dans cet article, nous verrons l\u2019effet direct qu\u2019une traite inappropri\u00e9e peut avoir sur la sant\u00e9 du mamelon et du pis. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":26769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mammites"],"yoast_head":"\nLa machine \u00e0 traire peut causer des l\u00e9sions au niveau du mamelon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un dysfonctionnement de la machine \u00e0 traire affecte le mamelon et augmente le risque de mastite.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/machine-a-traire-lesions-mamelon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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