{"id":27603,"date":"2025-10-21T13:28:32","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:28:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=27603"},"modified":"2026-01-19T13:36:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T13:36:33","slug":"key-points-for-the-diagnosis-of-chlamydia-abortus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/key-points-for-the-diagnosis-of-chlamydia-abortus\/","title":{"rendered":"Points cl\u00e9s pour le diagnostic de \ud835\ude0a. \ud835\ude22\ud835\ude23\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude33\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude36\ud835\ude34 : agir rapidement pour le contr\u00f4ler efficacement"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Identifier l\u2019agent causal des avortements chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres est essentiel pour mettre en place des mesures de contr\u00f4le efficaces. Dans le cas de Chlamydia abortus<\/em>, un diagnostic correct d\u00e9pend d\u2019une r\u00e9action rapide et de la connaissance des \u00e9chantillons \u00e0 pr\u00e9lever et du moment opportun pour le faire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qui peut nous amener \u00e0 suspecter une infection \u00e0 C. abortus<\/em> ?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Avortements en fin de gestation<\/p>\n

– Agneaux ou chevreaux faibles<\/p>\n

– Mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale<\/p>\n

– \u00c9pisodes d\u2019avortements<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

– Absence d\u2019autres signes cliniques chez les animaux adultes<\/p>\n

– Placentite n\u00e9crotique<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ces signes<\/strong> peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9vocateurs d\u2019une infection \u00e0 C. abortus<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em> bien que d\u2019autres agents pathog\u00e8nes tels que Salmonella, Coxiella ou Toxoplasma puissent \u00e9galement provoquer des sympt\u00f4mes similaires.<\/p>\n

La confirmation en laboratoire de l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne impliqu\u00e9 est toujours n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Recommandations pour un diagnostic correct : quels \u00e9chantillons pr\u00e9lever ?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Placenta :<\/strong> c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9chantillon de choix<\/strong>. Essayez de collecter les zones l\u00e9s\u00e9es pour un diagnostic<\/a> appropri\u00e9.<\/p>\n

– F\u0153tus avort\u00e9 :<\/strong> le f\u0153tus entier<\/strong> peut \u00eatre envoy\u00e9. Les \u00e9chantillons les plus utiles sont la laine humide, le contenu de la caillette<\/strong> et des fragments d\u2019organes internes.<\/p>\n

– \u00c9couvillons vaginaux :<\/strong> chez les femelles ayant avort\u00e9 r\u00e9cemment<\/strong> (24\u201372 heures), les \u00e9couvillons vaginaux sont utiles lorsqu\u2019aucun placenta ou f\u0153tus n\u2019est disponible.<\/p>\n

– S\u00e9rum sanguin :<\/strong> il doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l\u2019avortement<\/strong> ou la mise bas, lorsque la s\u00e9roconversion<\/strong> (augmentation des anticorps) se produit.<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
\n\"Imagen
\n\"Imagen<\/div>\n
Fig. 1. \u00c9chantillons de choix : placenta, f\u0153tus, \u00e9couvillon vaginal et s\u00e9rum<\/div>\n
\n

Les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s le plus rapidement possible afin d\u2019augmenter les chances de d\u00e9tection.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Quelles sont les meilleures techniques ?<\/h2>\n

PCR :<\/strong> m\u00e9thode la plus recommand\u00e9e en raison de sa forte sensibilit\u00e9<\/strong>, de sa sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9<\/strong> et de sa rapidit\u00e9. Le moment<\/strong> du pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement est crucial. L\u2019excr\u00e9tion<\/strong><\/a> de Chlamydia<\/em> est maximale dans les premi\u00e8res heures suivant l\u2019avortement. Si l\u2019\u00e9chantillon est pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 tardivement ou s\u2019il est d\u00e9grad\u00e9, il existe un risque de faux n\u00e9gatifs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Si possible, la PCR doit \u00eatre le premier choix<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

ELISA :<\/strong> permet la d\u00e9tection des anticorps<\/strong> dirig\u00e9s contre C. abortus<\/em>. Dans les 3 mois<\/strong> suivant l\u2019avortement, une augmentation des anticorps<\/strong> survient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement et ils peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9tectables durant cette p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M\u00e9thode<\/strong><\/td>\nObjectif<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Confirmer l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne<\/td>\nPr\u00e9valence \/ surveillance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PCR<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELISA<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fixation du compl\u00e9ment<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Immunohistochimie<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coloration de frottis<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Fig. 2. Diff\u00e9rentes techniques diagnostiques peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es selon l\u2019objectif<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

La s\u00e9rologie<\/strong> pr\u00e9sente certaines limites. Par exemple, elle n\u2019est pas utile chez les animaux vaccin\u00e9s<\/strong>, car il n\u2019est pas possible de diff\u00e9rencier les anticorps naturels des anticorps vaccinaux.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ELISA<\/strong> peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour le suivi<\/strong> de la maladie, afin d\u2019\u00e9valuer la circulation<\/strong> de l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Points importants \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer pour le diagnostic<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Envoyer >1 \u00e9chantillon<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Pr\u00e9lever sur diff\u00e9rents animaux<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. \u00c9viter toute contamination<\/strong> lors du pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement<\/li>\n
  4. Envoyer les \u00e9chantillons le plus rapidement possible<\/strong> (24 h)<\/li>\n
  5. Les \u00e9chantillons doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9frig\u00e9r\u00e9s ou congel\u00e9s<\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Combiner<\/strong> diff\u00e9rentes techniques afin d\u2019augmenter les chances de d\u00e9tection des agents pathog\u00e8nes<\/li>\n
  7. Utiliser des \u00e9quipements de protection individuelle<\/strong> (gants, masque), car de nombreux agents pathog\u00e8nes sont zoonotiques.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Conclusions<\/h2>\n

    Le diagnostic<\/strong> doit \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 le plus rapidement possible afin de mettre en place la meilleure strat\u00e9gie<\/strong> de contr\u00f4le, telle que la vaccination<\/strong><\/a> du troupeau.<\/p>\n

    Un pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement appropri\u00e9 et l\u2019utilisation de techniques fiables augmentent les chances de d\u00e9tecter l\u2019agent pathog\u00e8ne<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :<\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

    R\u00e9f\u00e9rences :
    \n<\/strong>Chapitre 3.7.5 Avortements enzootiques des brebis (chlamydiose ovine). Manuel terrestre OIE 2018<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Transmission of pathogens during milking is the main cause of mastitis in small ruminants. Improper use or malfunction of milking machines is a risk factor for mastitis. In this article we look at the direct effect improper milking can have on teat and udder health. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":9800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reproduction"],"yoast_head":"\nPoints cl\u00e9s pour le diagnostic de \ud835\ude0a. \ud835\ude22\ud835\ude23\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude33\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude36\ud835\ude34 : agir rapidement pour le contr\u00f4ler efficacement<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Small Ruminants | Identifier l\u2019agent causal des avortements chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres est essentiel pour mettre en place des mesures de contr\u00f4le efficaces.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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