{"id":27603,"date":"2025-10-21T07:06:09","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T07:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=27603"},"modified":"2026-05-12T11:13:37","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T11:13:37","slug":"key-points-for-the-diagnosis-of-chlamydia-abortus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/key-points-for-the-diagnosis-of-chlamydia-abortus\/","title":{"rendered":"Key points for the diagnosis of \ud835\ude0a. \ud835\ude22\ud835\ude23\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude33\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude36\ud835\ude34: act quickly to effectively control it"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Identifying the causative agent of abortion in sheep and goats is essential for implementing effective control measures. In the case of Chlamydia abortus<\/em>, correct diagnosis depends on acting quickly, knowing what samples to collect and when.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

What might lead us to suspect a C. abortus<\/em> infection?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Abortions at the end of pregnancy<\/p>\n

– Weak lambs or kids<\/p>\n

– Neonatal mortality<\/p>\n

– Outbreaks of abortions<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

– Absence of other signs in adult animals<\/p>\n

– Necrotic placentitis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

These signs<\/strong> may be indicative of C. abortus infection<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em> although other pathogens such as Salmonella, Coxiella, or Toxoplasma can also cause similar symptoms.<\/p>\n

Laboratory confirmation of the pathogen involved is always necessary.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Recommendations for proper diagnosis: What samples should be taken?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Placenta:<\/strong> this is the sample of choice<\/strong>. Try to collect the damaged areas for a proper diagnosis<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Aborted fetus:<\/strong> the entire fetus<\/strong> can be sent. The most useful samples are wet wool, abomasal <\/strong>contents, and internal organ fragments.<\/p>\n

– Vaginal swabs:<\/strong> in females that have recently aborted<\/strong> (24-72 hours), vaginal swabs are useful when no placenta or fetus is available.<\/p>\n

– Blood serum:<\/strong> it should be taken after abortion<\/strong> or birth, when seroconversion<\/strong> (increase in antibodies) occurs.<\/p>\n

\"Imagen
\n\"Imagen
\n\"Imagen<\/div>\n
Fig 1. Samples of choice: placenta, fetus, vaginal swab, and serum<\/div>\n
\n

Sampling should be done as soon as possible to increase the chances of detection.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

What are the best techniques?<\/h2>\n

PCR:<\/strong> the most recommended method due to its high sensitivity<\/strong>, specificity<\/strong>, and speed.The timing<\/strong> of sampling is critical. The excretion<\/strong><\/a> of Chlamydia<\/em> is at its highest in the first few hours after abortion. If the sample is collected late or is degraded, there is a risk of false negatives<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

If possible, PCR should be the first choice<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

ELISA:<\/strong> Enables the detection of antibodies<\/strong> against C. abortus.<\/em> In the 3 months<\/strong> after abortion an\u00a0increase in antibodies<\/strong> usually occurs, and they may be detectable during this period.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Method<\/strong><\/td>\nObjective<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Confirm pathogen<\/td>\nPrevalence\/surveillance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PCR<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELISA<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Complement fixation<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Immunohistochemistry<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Smear staining<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Fig 2. We can use different diagnostic techniques depending on the purpose<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Serology<\/strong> has some limitations. For example, it is not useful in vaccinated<\/strong> animals, because natural antibodies cannot be differentiated from vaccine antibodies.<\/p>\n

ELISA<\/strong> can also be used for disease monitoring<\/strong>, to assess the circulation<\/strong> of the pathogen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Important considerations for diagnosis<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u00a0Send >1 sample<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Collect from different animals<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Avoid contamination<\/strong> when collecting the sample<\/li>\n
  4. Send as soon as possible <\/strong>(24 h)<\/li>\n
  5. Samples must be refrigerated or frozen<\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Combine<\/strong> different techniques to increase the chances of detecting pathogens<\/li>\n
  7. Use personal protective<\/strong> equipment (gloves, mask), as many pathogens are zoonotic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Conclusions<\/h2>\n

    Diagnosis<\/strong> should be made as soon as possible to implement the best control strategy<\/strong>, such as vaccination<\/strong><\/a> of the herd or flock.<\/p>\n

    Proper sampling and the use of reliable techniques increases the chances of detecting the pathogen<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Article written by:<\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

    References:
    \n<\/strong>Chapter 3.7.5 Enzootic abortions of ewes (Ovine Chlamydiosis). Ovine terrestrial Manual 2018<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Transmission of pathogens during milking is the main cause of mastitis in small ruminants. Improper use or malfunction of milking machines is a risk factor for mastitis. 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