
{"id":3573,"date":"2020-11-16T09:37:26","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T09:37:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=3573"},"modified":"2022-08-26T09:27:31","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T09:27:31","slug":"source-couts-mammite-brebis-chevres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/source-couts-mammite-brebis-chevres\/","title":{"rendered":"D&rsquo;OU PROVIENNENT LES COUTS DES MAMMITES ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\"><strong>On dit toujours que la mammite est la maladie au co\u00fbt le plus important au sein d&rsquo;une exploitation laiti\u00e8re. Cependant, connaissons-nous l&rsquo;impact \u00e9conomique des mammites au sein des \u00e9levages ? Il est essentiel d&rsquo;avoir conscience de ce que nous co\u00fbte cette maladie et de prendre des mesures pour la contr\u00f4ler, non seulement pour la rentabilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;exploitation, mais \u00e9galement pour le bien-\u00eatre des animaux comme le n\u00f4tre !<\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Co\u00fbts visibles<\/h2>\n<p>Les pertes les plus \u00e9videntes sont caus\u00e9es par les <a href=\"\/fr\/category\/mammites\/\">mammites cliniques<\/a>. Ce type de mammite chez les ovins et les caprins appara\u00eet g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pendant les 3 premiers mois de lactation et \u00e9volue souvent de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s aigu\u00eb. Ceci implique de grandes pertes de production (r\u00e9duction de la production sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 70 %) ainsi qu&rsquo;un grand nombre de pertes, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que la mammite peut rarement \u00eatre trait\u00e9e et termine souvent par la mort ou l&rsquo;abattage de l&rsquo;animal.<br \/>\nCependant, en raison de la forte pr\u00e9valence des <strong>mammites subcliniques<\/strong> par rapport aux cliniques, il est important de ne pas sous-estimer les co\u00fbts que celles-ci vont entra\u00eener. Dans ce cas, le co\u00fbt principal est d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par une diminution de <strong>la production, qui baisse de 13 %<\/strong> en moyenne <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofdairyscience.org\/article\/S0022-0302(13)00691-7\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mart\u00ed de Olives et al.<\/a>)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u201cLes mammites cliniques entra\u00eenent une r\u00e9duction de la production sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 70 % et causent souvent la mort ou l&rsquo;abattage de l&rsquo;animal\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Les <strong>cellules somatiques<\/strong> nous aident \u00e0 nous faire une id\u00e9e des pertes li\u00e9es aux mammites subcliniques. Dans le cas des <strong>ch\u00e8vres<\/strong>, la figure 1 et le tableau 1 <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.longdom.org\/open-access\/variation-in-milk-yield-contents-and-incomes-according-to-somatic-cell-count-in-a-large-dairy-goat-population-2329-888X-1000145.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pleguezuelos at al.<\/a>)<\/em> r\u00e9v\u00e8le que les ch\u00e8vres avec <strong>1 million de cellules pr\u00e9sentent des pertes sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 11 % de leur production<\/strong>, tandis que celles poss\u00e9dant 2 millions de cellules peuvent en perdre quasiment 20 %.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3576\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3576\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3576\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-1-fr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-1-fr.jpg 700w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-1-fr-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3576\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1: Lien entre les cellules somatiques et la production des ch\u00e8vres par mois de lactation. Nous constatons que plus le nombre de cellules somatiques est \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus la production diminue quelque soit le mois de lactation.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<table class=\"tg aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; table-layout: fixed; width: 800px;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col style=\"width: 400px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"width: 200px;\" \/>\n<col style=\"width: 200px;\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color: #0054eb; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff; text-align: center;\">CCS<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #0054eb; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff;\">BREBIS<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color: #0054eb; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff; text-align: center;\">CH\u00c8VRES<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #3d7ef3; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff;\">1.000.000<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-14,1%<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-11,4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #3d7ef3; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff;\">2.000.000<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-21,1%<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-19,5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color: #3d7ef3; color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #ffffff;\">3.000.000<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-25,20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color: #ffffff; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 5px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; word-break: normal; border: 1px solid #3d7ef3;\">-24,2%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: 14px;\">Tableau 1 : Estimation des pertes de production chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres en fonction du comptage de cellules somatiques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Chez les ovins, la situation est similaire selon Gonzalo et al, comme le r\u00e9v\u00e8lent le Tableau 1 et la Figure 2. Une <strong>brebis<\/strong> avec plus <strong>d&rsquo;un million de cellules<\/strong> somatiques <strong>peut perdre plus de 14 % de sa production<\/strong>, et ce pourcentage d\u00e9passe les 20 % chez une brebis avec 2 millions de cellules somatiques.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3582\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3582\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3582\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-2-fr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-2-fr.jpg 700w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-2-fr-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3582\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2. \u00c9volution de la production laiti\u00e8re annuelle (l\/brebis \/ ann\u00e9e) en fonction du compte cellulaire individuel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Co\u00fbts cach\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Cette production r\u00e9duite des animaux infect\u00e9s subcliniquement oblige \u00e0 les remplacer plus t\u00f4t que pr\u00e9vu, <strong>ce qui augmente le taux de renouvellement des animaux<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3491\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3491\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0921448808001740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3493\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image1-300x111.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3491\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3 : Le test de Californie ou CMT est un test utilis\u00e9 pour estimer de mani\u00e8re imm\u00e9diate la pr\u00e9sence de mammite subclinique chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>En outre, une mammite subclinique implique un <strong>lait d&rsquo;une qualit\u00e9 moindre<\/strong> avec descomptages de <strong>cellules somatiques et bact\u00e9riologiques \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/strong>, une <strong>alt\u00e9ration<\/strong> de la mati\u00e8re prot\u00e9ique et butyrique <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofdairyscience.org\/article\/S0022-0302(04)73140-9\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leitner et al<\/a>)<\/em>. Ces modifications entra\u00eenent une p\u00e9nalisation sur le paiement du lait dans la plupart des pays et affectent \u00e9galement la croissance des agneaux ou des chevreaux. Les <strong>agneaux<\/strong> n\u00e9s de m\u00e8res infect\u00e9es <strong>pr\u00e9senteront un retard de croissance<\/strong> <em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17451625\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moroni et al.<\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u201cLes mammites produisent des changements au niveau de la qualit\u00e9 et de la composition du lait, ce qui entra\u00eene des p\u00e9nalisations sur la paie de lait et un retard important au niveau de la croissance des agneaux et des chevreaux \u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Le <strong>remplacement<\/strong> des animaux pr\u00e9sentant des mammites entra\u00eene l&rsquo;un des co\u00fbts les plus importants.<br \/>\nEnfin, la <strong>main d&rsquo;\u0153uvre<\/strong>, les <strong>traitements<\/strong> parfois n\u00e9cessaires et l&rsquo;\u00e9limination du lait en cas de traitement augmentent le chiffre total des pertes li\u00e9es \u00e0 cette maladie.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3587\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0921448808001740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3587\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-3-fr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-3-fr.jpg 700w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/grafica-3-fr-300x177.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4 : Les pertes de production et l&rsquo;augmentation du remplacement des animaux sont les facteurs avec l&rsquo;impact \u00e9conomique le plus important.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Co\u00fbt moyen<\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">\u201cLe co\u00fbt de chaque cas de mammite clinique est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 300 \u20ac ; le co\u00fbt par brebis ou ch\u00e8vre atteinte de mammite subclinique serait d&rsquo;environ 80 \u20ac.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Le co\u00fbt d&rsquo;une mammite chez les ovins ou caprins laitiers est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 300 euros par cas alors qu&rsquo;un cas de mammite subclinique peut co\u00fbter pr\u00e8s de 80 euros. Le co\u00fbt au sein d&rsquo;une exploitation est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 <strong>50 euros en moyenne par animal pr\u00e9sent<\/strong> dans l\u2019exploitation.<br \/>\nIl est donc fondamental de mettre en \u0153uvre un <strong>programme de contr\u00f4le de mammite qui int\u00e8gre diff\u00e9rentes mesures de pr\u00e9vention dont la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hipra.com\/portal\/es\/hipra\/animalhealth\/products\/detail\/!ut\/p\/z1\/pZJLT4QwFIV_iwuX5JZSoCwhISCKqAzj0M2EdHCmKo8ZKui_t-PGOA_Q2FWbfDfnnnMKDBbA6qIX60KKpi5e1Ttn1jJyQz8IKL5B5pWJ3JmfEHqHjSTG8HgAWLangHDu0-sAB1gH9pt5dOa4aGp-DgxYy8UKckQdzInjaA53qEZ0ZGvUMonGTWIXJS0MTPQ9zWvZyg3kZXeJ2l2zeuNS3XpR8ebIzk89jKftsAPkOJAvYMzxqMg9ngDUkmnZQa6c2N9Q4Ge6gqIkjtJblHhq1V6UA2R1s6tU0ekfcwzRuALxzH8qRFNZq78pnrdb5qpKm1qW7xIWpzptqyyrqPGhvTyEwzB72qyrZdy5F5-sVZFq\/dz\/d5\/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vaccination<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On dit toujours que la mammite est la maladie au co\u00fbt le plus important au sein d&rsquo;une exploitation laiti\u00e8re. Cependant, connaissons-nous l&rsquo;impact \u00e9conomique des mammites au sein des \u00e9levages ? Il est essentiel d&rsquo;avoir conscience de ce que nous co\u00fbte cette maladie et de prendre des mesures pour la contr\u00f4ler, non seulement pour la rentabilit\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mammites"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cout de la mammite chez les ovins et les caprins | Small Ruminants<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il est donc important de d\u00e9terminer l&#039;origine du co\u00fbt des mammites, l&#039;une des maladies les plus co\u00fbteuses, chez les brebis et les ch\u00e8vres.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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