{"id":6056,"date":"2021-11-04T13:29:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T13:29:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=6056"},"modified":"2022-08-26T09:15:27","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T09:15:27","slug":"antibiotiques-animaux-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/antibiotiques-animaux-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Les antibiotiques et les animaux de production\u202f: jusqu\u2019o\u00f9 devons-nous aller\u202f?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Les antibiotiques ont apport\u00e9 de grands b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/a>, et leur utilisation v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire a grandement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la vie des \u00eatres humains. N\u00e9anmoins, l’utilisation qui en est faite aujourd\u2019hui est-elle correcte\u202f? Dans cet article, nous vous pr\u00e9sentons diff\u00e9rentes donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques chez les animaux de production.
\n<\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Situation actuelle et pr\u00e9visions pour l\u2019avenir<\/h2>\n

Nous observons \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle une augmentation de la production animale, et celle-ci implique le d\u00e9veloppement des recensements d’animaux. Par ailleurs, les syst\u00e8mes sont de plus en plus intensifs, et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques<\/a> pour garantir la sant\u00e9 et la productivit\u00e9 est une pratique courante.<\/p>\n

Ces habitudes font qu\u2019au niveau mondial,\u202f73% des antibiotiques<\/a> sont destin\u00e9s aux animaux de production. Si nous ne prenons pas des mesures \u00e0 court terme, ces chiffres continueront \u00e0 augmenter, la demande \u00e9tant toujours plus exigeante.<\/p>\n

Nous estimons qu\u2019en\u202f2030, l\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques chez l\u2019animal augmentera de 67\u202f% et que 105\u202f600\u202ftonnes seront utilis\u00e9es.
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Carte de la consommation d\u2019antibiotiques<\/h2>\n

La consommation d\u2019antibiotiques pr\u00e9sente une grande variabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9ographique. Certains pays en utilisent de grandes quantit\u00e9s, et l’on estime qu’ils continueront \u00e0 augmenter leur consommation. Ces diff\u00e9rences entre pays d\u00e9pendent en grande partie du fait qu\u2019ils en fassent ou non un usage ad\u00e9quat.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Fig 1. Consommation globale d\u2019antibiotiques pour les animaux de boucherie, en milligrammes\/km2. Source: PNAS<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nous pouvons observer certains mod\u00e8les g\u00e9ographiques. Il existe des \u00ab\u202fpoints chauds\u202f\u00bb comme l\u2019est de la Chine, les pays du sud-est de l\u2019Asie, l\u2019Inde, le sud du Br\u00e9sil, le Mexique, diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions des \u00c9tats-Unis et une grande partie de l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Fig 2. \u00c9volution de l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques dans certains pays europ\u00e9ens entre\u202f2010\u202fet\u202f2015.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Si nous nous concentrons sur l\u2019Europe, nous pouvons constater diff\u00e9rentes tendances entre les pays. Nombre d\u2019entre eux ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 connu une diminution de l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques<\/a>. L\u2019objectif de l\u2019UE est de continuer \u00e0 promouvoir une utilisation prudente des antibiotiques et la pr\u00e9vention des maladies afin de r\u00e9duire leur consommation dans tous les pays.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cons\u00e9quences d\u2019une utilisation superflue d\u2019antibiotiques<\/h2>\n

En m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, les antimicrobiens sont utilis\u00e9s pour traiter les maladies infectieuses, mais \u00e9galement de mani\u00e8re erron\u00e9e en tant que prophylaxie<\/a> ou facteurs de croissance.<\/p>\n

Les mauvaises habitudes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques facilitent l\u2019apparition et la diffusion des r\u00e9sistances.
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Les taux de r\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques chez l\u2019animal augmentent de mani\u00e8re exponentielle, mena\u00e7ant \u00e0 la fois la sant\u00e9 animale et la sant\u00e9 humaine. Selon l\u2019OMS<\/a>, les r\u00e9sistances constituent aujourd\u2019hui un probl\u00e8me important \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, provoquant environ 700\u202f000\u202fd\u00e9c\u00e8s par an<\/a>. En\u202f2050, les r\u00e9sistances pourraient causer la mort de 10\u202fmillions de personnes.<\/p>\n

L\u2019OMS a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 les r\u00e9sistances antimicrobiennes comme \u00e9tant l\u2019une des principales menaces pour la sant\u00e9 publique .
\n<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

\u25cf L\u2019utilisation superflue d’antibiotiques<\/a> favorise l\u2019apparition de r\u00e9sistances antimicrobiennes.
\n\u25cf Les r\u00e9sistances constituent une menace pour la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.
\n\u25cf Il est n\u00e9cessaire de mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures pr\u00e9ventives, telles que la vaccination, pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par:\u00a0<\/strong>
\nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Corporate Product Manager, Small Ruminants Unit \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les antibiotiques ont apport\u00e9 de grands b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e0 l\u2019humanit\u00e9, et leur utilisation v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire a grandement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la vie des \u00eatres humains. N\u00e9anmoins, l’utilisation qui en est faite aujourd\u2019hui est-elle correcte\u202f? Dans cet article, nous vous pr\u00e9sentons diff\u00e9rentes donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques chez les animaux de production.   Situation actuelle et pr\u00e9visions pour l\u2019avenir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6025,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reduction-antibiotiques"],"yoast_head":"\nLes antibiotiques et les animaux de production | Small Ruminants<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans cet article, nous vous pr\u00e9sentons diff\u00e9rentes donn\u00e9es relatives \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des antibiotiques chez les animaux de production.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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