
{"id":6375,"date":"2022-01-26T10:53:28","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T10:53:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=6375"},"modified":"2022-02-18T10:54:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T10:54:02","slug":"resistance-antimicrobiens-one-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/resistance-antimicrobiens-one-health\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens et \u00ab One Health \u00bb : tout est li\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/category\/reduction-antibiotiques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6200\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics.png 857w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-300x246.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-768x630.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Switch-off-antibiotics-750x615.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"intro-text\"><strong>\u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/what-we-do\/global-initiatives\/one-health\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One Health<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est l\u2019id\u00e9e que la sant\u00e9 humaine et la sant\u00e9 animale sont interd\u00e9pendantes et li\u00e9es aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes dans lesquels elles coexistent (OIE). Nous allons d\u00e9couvrir pourquoi ce principe est essentiel pour faire face au probl\u00e8me de la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens. <\/strong><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Pourquoi le principe \u00ab\u00a0One Health\u00a0\u00bb est-il important\u00a0?<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des antibiotiques provoque l\u2019\u00e9mergence de <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/resistances-bacteriennes-antibiotiques\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes<\/a>, qui se multiplient et peuvent m\u00eame se <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/antibiotic-resistance-how-does-antibiotic-resistance-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">propager<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/efsajournal\/pub\/4872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Une relation<\/a> a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e entre l\u2019apparition d\u2019une r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens chez l\u2019\u00eatre humain et l\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques chez l\u2019animal. On peut donc en d\u00e9duire qu\u2019il existe une transmission.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">Il faut lutter contre le probl\u00e8me de la r\u00e9sistance selon le principe \u00ab One health \u00bb.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>De nombreuses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/9\/7\/372\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00e9tudes<\/a>\u00a0r\u00e9v\u00e8lent que les bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes peuvent se propager dans des niches \u00e9cologiques via diff\u00e9rentes interactions entre les \u00eatres humains, les animaux et l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Tout est li\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Les r\u00e9sistances peuvent se transmettre de plusieurs mani\u00e8res\u00a0:<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Entre animaux:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>L\u2019utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/antibiotiques-animaux-production\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">antibiotiques chez les animaux<\/a>, principalement en prophylaxie ou comme facteurs de croissance, favorise l\u2019apparition de souches r\u00e9sistantes. Ces souches peuvent alors se <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02124\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">propager<\/a> tr\u00e8s facilement dans le troupeau et\/ou l\u2019exploitation, puis gagner d&rsquo;autres esp\u00e8ces.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Animals and humans:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Par contact direct ou par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/food.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">produits<\/a>\u00a0d\u2019origine animale tels que la viande, les \u0153ufs, le lait\u2026 L\u2019exemple le plus clair \u00e9tant l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/AR-EverythingConnected-Settings-Food-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abattoir<\/a>, o\u00f9 les bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes pr\u00e9sentes dans l\u2019animal peuvent facilement contaminer le produit final.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">Les bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes se transmettent facilement \u00e0 travers la cha\u00eene alimentaire.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>Des animaux \u00e0 l\u2019environnement:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les cultures peuvent \u00eatre contamin\u00e9es par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire du fumier utilis\u00e9 comme engrais, mais aussi \u00e0 travers l\u2019eau souill\u00e9e par le fumier des exploitations.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Environnement et \u00eatres humains:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes peuvent se transmettre aux \u00eatres humains par la consommation de fruits et l\u00e9gumes provenant de cultures contamin\u00e9es. De plus, des g\u00e8nes de r\u00e9sistance peuvent \u00eatre transmis \u00e0 la flore intestinale normale.<\/p>\n<p>On trouve \u00e9galement des bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes dans les cours d\u2019eau et les r\u00e9serves hydriques, o\u00f9 elles persistent m\u00eame apr\u00e8s traitement dans les stations d\u2019\u00e9puration.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Entre \u00eatres humains:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes se propagent facilement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Elles peuvent \u00eatre transmises par contact direct ou indirect, comme par exemple lors de la contamination par les surfaces. Les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/threats-report\/AR-EverythingConnected-Settings-Healthcare-508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">h\u00f4pitaux <\/a>sont des \u00ab points chauds \u00bb pour leur propagation. Ces bact\u00e9ries peuvent se transmettre entre les patients, le personnel de sant\u00e9 et les visiteurs.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">Il est essentiel que les professionnels de la sant\u00e9 prescrivent des antibiotiques ad\u00e9quats.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Le tourisme et le commerce international sont \u00e9galement une voie de propagation importante.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_6379\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6379\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6379\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/small-fr.png\" alt=\" Processus de propagation des bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes\" width=\"650\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/small-fr.png 795w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/small-fr-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/small-fr-768x653.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/small-fr-750x638.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-6379\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1. Processus de propagation des bact\u00e9ries r\u00e9sistantes dans l\u2019interface humain-animal-environnement<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u25cf Sant\u00e9 humaine, sant\u00e9 animale et environnement sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9s.<br \/>\n\u25cf <strong>La collaboration entre diff\u00e9rentes disciplines (v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires, m\u00e9decins, chercheurs, biologistes, etc.) est n\u00e9cessaire pour lutter contre la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\u25cf Des strat\u00e9gies doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tablies pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019utilisation d\u2019antibiotiques, y compris la\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/vaccination-avortement-enzootique-ovin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vaccination.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Product Manager Small Ruminants Unit \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab One Health\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est l\u2019id\u00e9e que la sant\u00e9 humaine et la sant\u00e9 animale sont interd\u00e9pendantes et li\u00e9es aux \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes dans lesquels elles coexistent (OIE). Nous allons d\u00e9couvrir pourquoi ce principe est essentiel pour faire face au probl\u00e8me de la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens. &nbsp; Pourquoi le principe \u00ab\u00a0One Health\u00a0\u00bb est-il important\u00a0? L\u2019utilisation inappropri\u00e9e des antibiotiques provoque [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reduction-antibiotiques"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>One Health et la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"One health et la RAM : comment la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens se propage \u00e0 l\u2019interface humain-animal-environnement\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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