{"id":7419,"date":"2022-05-04T10:01:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T10:01:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/ovine-respiratory-complex-understanding-its-secrets\/"},"modified":"2026-02-24T10:26:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T10:26:42","slug":"leucotoxine-complexe-respiratoire-ovin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/leucotoxine-complexe-respiratoire-ovin\/","title":{"rendered":"Complexe respiratoire ovin : percer ses secrets"},"content":{"rendered":"
Le complexe respiratoire ovin entra\u00eene des pertes majeures<\/a> dans les \u00e9levages de moutons et de ch\u00e8vres. Le pathog\u00e8ne principal est Mannhemia Haemolytica<\/em>, qui dispose de plusieurs facteurs de virulence responsables de la maladie. Nous d\u00e9couvrirons ci-dessous comment se comporte le plus important de ces derniers : la leucotoxine. <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour commencer…<\/h2>\n

Mannheimia haemolytica <\/em>est l\u2019agent responsable de la pleuropneumonie fibrineuse<\/a> chez les ruminants, ainsi que de la septic\u00e9mie chez l\u2019agneau et de la mammite<\/a> chez la brebis. Il dispose de plusieurs facteurs de virulence : la leucotoxine<\/strong> (Lkt), les lipopolysaccharides, les prot\u00e9ines de la membrane externe, les prot\u00e9ines r\u00e9gulatrices du fer, les fimbriae, les enzymes, les adh\u00e9sines, les agglutinog\u00e8nes sp\u00e9cifiques au s\u00e9rotype et les plasmides de r\u00e9sistance aux antibiotiques<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La leucotoxine est responsable des signes cliniques et des l\u00e9sions pulmonaires.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La leucotoxine<\/a> est pr\u00e9sente dans tous les s\u00e9rotypes et est produite lorsque la bact\u00e9rie se trouve dans la phase de croissance<\/strong> logarithmique. Il s\u2019agit du facteur de virulence principal<\/strong> et les cellules affect\u00e9es sont les leucocytes<\/strong>, en particulier les leucocytes polymorphonucl\u00e9aires.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Comment la leucotoxine se comporte-elle ?<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u00c0 faibles concentrations, la leucotoxine active les macrophages<\/strong> alv\u00e9olaires et, en lib\u00e9rant des cytokines<\/strong>, ceux-ci stimulent la migration des neutrophiles<\/strong> vers les alv\u00e9oles.<\/li>\n
  2. Les macrophages, comme les neutrophiles, sont activ\u00e9s par la leucotoxine<\/strong> et des m\u00e9diateurs inflammatoires comme les radicaux toxiques de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, les prot\u00e9ases et les cytokines<\/strong> sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s. Elle favorise \u00e9galement l\u2019apoptose<\/a>. Cela permet \u00e0 Mannheimia d\u2019\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la surveillance du syst\u00e8me immunitaire et \u00e0 la r\u00e9ponse inn\u00e9e.<\/li>\n
  3. \u00c0 de fortes concentrations, la leucotoxine d\u00e9truit les leucocytes en formant des pores<\/strong> dans leur membrane, permettant ainsi \u00e0 Mannheimia de poursuivre facilement sa prolif\u00e9ration.<\/li>\n
  4. En outre, avec la destruction de ces cellules, des substances toxiques<\/strong> sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9es comme les enzymes<\/strong> prot\u00e9olytiques, l\u2019histamine, les prostaglandines<\/strong>\u2026 etc qui endommagent le tissu pulmonaire.<\/li>\n
  5. Ces processus entra\u00eenent des l\u00e9sions fibrino-purulentes<\/strong> typiques et la n\u00e9crose<\/strong> dans le poumon.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"
    Fig. 1. Processus biologiques provoqu\u00e9s par la leucotoxine dans l\u2019espace alv\u00e9olaire, entra\u00eenant les l\u00e9sions pulmonaires.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Combattre le probl\u00e8me<\/h2>\n

    Mannheimia surmonte les m\u00e9canismes d\u00e9fensifs<\/strong> de l\u2019h\u00f4te gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019action de la leucotoxine\u00a0; il est donc important de prot\u00e9ger les animaux contre celle-ci.<\/p>\n

    Pour cette raison, les vaccins contenant le leucotoxo\u00efde<\/a> semblent constituer la meilleure option pour contr\u00f4ler le complexe respiratoire ovin<\/strong>. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ces vaccins stimulaient la production de titres \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019anticorps<\/strong> contre la leucotoxine, conf\u00e9rant un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de protection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Les vaccins contenant le leucotoxo\u00efde constituent la meilleure option pour fournir une protection contre le complexe respiratoire ovin.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Article \u00e9crit par : <\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Gestionnaire de produit, unit\u00e9 des petits ruminants \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Le complexe respiratoire ovin entra\u00eene des pertes majeures dans les \u00e9levages de moutons et de ch\u00e8vres. Le pathog\u00e8ne principal est Mannhemia Haemolytica, qui dispose de plusieurs facteurs de virulence responsables de la maladie. Nous d\u00e9couvrirons ci-dessous comment se comporte le plus important de ces derniers : la leucotoxine.   Pour commencer… Mannheimia haemolytica est l\u2019agent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-problemes-respiratoires"],"yoast_head":"\nLa leucotoxine de Mannheimia : probl\u00e8mes respiratoires<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les probl\u00e8mes respiratoires constituent une maladie grave chez les moutons et les ch\u00e8vres. 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