{"id":7501,"date":"2022-05-23T08:30:32","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T08:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=7501"},"modified":"2022-05-23T08:30:54","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T08:30:54","slug":"antibiotiques-petits-ruminants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/antibiotiques-petits-ruminants\/","title":{"rendered":"Utilisation des antibiotiques chez les petits ruminants : les questions sont nombreuses"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Pour lutter contre les r\u00e9sistances, il est indispensable de savoir comment les antibiotiques sont utilis\u00e9s chez les animaux. Il existe peu de donn\u00e9es disponibles sur le secteur ovin et caprin ; et commencer \u00e0 les collecter pourrait \u00eatre l’une des priorit\u00e9s \u00e0 court terme. Pour l’instant, qu’en sait-on ? <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Manque de donn\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

Il existe peu d’informations sur l’utilisation des antibiotiques<\/a> chez les ovins et les caprins par rapport aux autres esp\u00e8ces. Cela peut \u00eatre d\u00fb aux caract\u00e9ristiques du secteur, qui est en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral tr\u00e8s h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne <\/strong>et peu tourn\u00e9 vers la haute technologie<\/strong> (dans certains pays), ce qui peut rendre difficile la collecte et la communication des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La collecte de donn\u00e9es sur l’utilisation des antibiotiques chez les petits ruminants doit \u00eatre encourag\u00e9e.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ce manque de donn\u00e9es<\/strong> pose probl\u00e8me car, pour pouvoir d\u00e9terminer la meilleure strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9duction des antibiotiques<\/strong>, il faut conna\u00eetre le d\u00e9tail de l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans le secteur : quantit\u00e9s, voies d’administration, saisonnalit\u00e9, variabilit\u00e9 entre \u00e9levages, etc.<\/p>\n

\"utilisation
Fig. 1 Chez les ovins et les caprins, il est courant d’utiliser des antibiotiques pour le contr\u00f4le et la pr\u00e9vention des maladies, ce qui implique une utilisation non rationnelle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Que sait-on ?<\/h2>\n

Il existe quelques \u00e9tudes sur les maladies des petits ruminants les plus largement trait\u00e9es par antibiotiques<\/a> :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n
      \n
    1. Boiterie<\/a> : peut repr\u00e9senter plus de 60 %<\/a> des traitements.<\/li>\n
    2. Avortement enzootique ovin<\/a> : bien que la meilleure fa\u00e7on de le contr\u00f4ler soit la vaccination<\/a>.<\/li>\n
    3. Infections n\u00e9onatales<\/strong> : en particulier la pododermatite infectieuse et l’arthrite.<\/li>\n
    4. Affections respiratoires<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Toutes ces maladies peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9venues par la mise en place de programmes de pr\u00e9vention et de contr\u00f4le appropri\u00e9s.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Il est important de garder \u00e0 l’esprit que\u2026<\/h2>\n

      Dans de nombreux cas, il n’existe pas de protocoles sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong> pour le diagnostic et le traitement des maladies chez les ovins et les caprins, et ils sont simplement extrapol\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de ceux des autres esp\u00e8ces<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      De plus, l’utilisation d’antibiotiques chez les petits ruminants est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement hors AMM<\/strong> (prescription exceptionnelle), car il existe peu de m\u00e9dicaments sp\u00e9cifiquement autoris\u00e9s et ils doivent \u00eatre prescrits dans le cadre de la cascade v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, pour le traitement des petits ruminants, les r\u00e9gimes utilis\u00e9s chez d’autres esp\u00e8ces doivent \u00eatre extrapol\u00e9s.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

      Cela peut impliquer l’utilisation inappropri\u00e9e d’antimicrobiens<\/strong> et faciliter le d\u00e9veloppement d’une r\u00e9sistance<\/a>, car il est difficile de d\u00e9terminer la dose, le calendrier et le temps d’attente appropri\u00e9s<\/strong>, et on ne sait pas non plus avec certitude si l’efficacit\u00e9 <\/strong>sera la m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      De quoi avons nous besoin ?<\/h2>\n
        \n
      1. \n
          \n
        1. La collecte de donn\u00e9es <\/strong>sur l’utilisation des antibiotiques chez les petits ruminants.<\/li>\n
        2. La cr\u00e9ation de protocoles de diagnostic<\/strong> et de traitement sp\u00e9cifiques pour les ovins et les caprins.<\/li>\n
        3. La promotion de mesures pr\u00e9ventives telles que la bios\u00e9curit\u00e9, la bonne gestion et la vaccination<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Article \u00e9crit par: <\/strong>
          \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Gestionnaire de produit de l\u2019entreprise, unit\u00e9 des petits ruminants \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          R\u00e9f\u00e9rences: <\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n
            Fiona Lovatt, Jennifer Duncan, Davinia Hindeand, Lis King. Industry guidance document for veterinary surgeons and farmers on responsible use of antibiotics in sheep. RUMA 2019.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Fiona Lovatt, Jennifer Duncan, Davinia Hinde. Responsible use of antibiotics on sheep farms: application at farm level. In practice, 2019.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Peers Davies, John G Remnant, Martin J Green, Emily Gascoigne, Nick Gibbon, Robert Hyde, Jack R Porteous, Kiera Schubert, Fiona Lovatt, Alexander Corbishley. Quantitative analysis of antibiotic usage in British sheep flocks. Veterinary Record, 2017.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            Lauren K. Landfried, Ellen K. Barnidge, Patrick Pithua, Roger D. Lewis, Jonathan A. Jacoby, Christopher C. King and Carole R. Baskin. Antibiotic Use on Goat Farms: An Investigation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Missouri Goat Farmers. MDPI 2018.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Pour lutter contre les r\u00e9sistances, il est indispensable de savoir comment les antibiotiques sont utilis\u00e9s chez les animaux. Il existe peu de donn\u00e9es disponibles sur le secteur ovin et caprin ; et commencer \u00e0 les collecter pourrait \u00eatre l’une des priorit\u00e9s \u00e0 court terme. Pour l’instant, qu’en sait-on ?   Manque de donn\u00e9es Il existe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7477,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reduction-antibiotiques"],"yoast_head":"\nQu'en est-il de l'utilisation des antibiotiques chez les petits ruminants ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Informations sur les situations et les maladies dans lesquelles les antibiotiques sont utilis\u00e9s chez les petits ruminants. 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