
{"id":8189,"date":"2023-02-16T11:14:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T11:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/colostrum-the-first-step-to-ensuring-the-future-of-the-farm\/"},"modified":"2023-02-20T09:54:07","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T09:54:07","slug":"colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait\/","title":{"rendered":"Colostrum : la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape pour garantir l\u2019avenir de l\u2019exploitation"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\"><strong>La mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale est un probl\u00e8me auquel font face toutes les exploitations, et qui provoque d\u2019importantes pertes \u00e9conomiques. Environ <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26434788\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">15 \u00e0 20 % des agneaux<\/a> meurent dans leurs premiers jours d\u2019existence, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de ces statistiques demeurant tr\u00e8s difficile. Dans cet article, nous discuterons d\u2019une des clefs pour assurer la survie des nouveau-n\u00e9s : le colostrum.<\/strong><\/div>\n<h2>Qu\u2019est-ce que le colostrum ?<\/h2>\n<p>Le colostrum d\u00e9signe la <strong>premi\u00e8re s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion<\/strong> de la <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/conformation-du-pis-mammite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glande mammaire<\/a> apr\u00e8s la mise bas, bien que sa production d\u00e9marre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 vers la fin de la gestion (3 derni\u00e8res semaines).<\/p>\n<p>Il se compose de prot\u00e9ines, de graisses, de vitamines, de lactose, de min\u00e9raux, d\u2019hormones, d\u2019enzymes, ainsi que d\u2019agents anti-inflammatoires et de facteurs de croissance. Le <strong>pourcentage de ces composants<\/strong> varie d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 l\u2019autre, et m\u00eame d\u2019une race \u00e0 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8193\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8193\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait.png\" alt=\"Composition du colostrum et du lait chez la brebis\" width=\"650\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait.png 799w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait-768x246.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-brebis-agneaux-chevreaux-lait-750x240.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tableau 1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327078172_Short-_and_long-term_effects_of_conventional_and_artificial_rearing_strategies_on_the_health_and_performance_of_growing_lambs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Composition du colostrum et du lait chez la brebis<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">L\u2019un des principaux composants du colostrum est les immunoglobulines, en particulier les IgG chez l\u2019ovin.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Afin de d\u00e9terminer si un colostrum est de <strong>bonne qualit\u00e9<\/strong>, il faut s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 la <strong>concentration en prot\u00e9ines totales<\/strong>, qui doit d\u00e9passer 9 g\/dl. Parmi les autres valeurs int\u00e9ressantes, il y a un <strong>poids volumique<\/strong> sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 1 050 et une <strong>concentration en immunoglobulines<\/strong> sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 50 mg\/ml.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8146\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-sheep-lambs-kids-milk.png\" alt=\"Colostrum has multiple functions that are vital for lambs and kids\" width=\"650\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-sheep-lambs-kids-milk.png 884w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-sheep-lambs-kids-milk-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-sheep-lambs-kids-milk-768x463.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-sheep-lambs-kids-milk-750x452.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Pourquoi est-ce si important ?<\/h2>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1871141321002328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">placenta chez les ruminants<\/a>\u00a0est de type \u00e9pith\u00e9liochorial, et ne laisse pas les immunoglobulines traverser sa barri\u00e8re. C\u2019est pourquoi les agneaux et chevreaux naissent avec une circulation <strong>d\u00e9pourvue d\u2019anticorps<\/strong>. De ce fait, ils sont enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9pendants du<strong> transfert d\u2019immunoglobulines via le colostrum<\/strong> pour leur protection.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-center\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 20pt;\">L\u2019immunit\u00e9 dite \u00ab maternelle \u00bb ou \u00ab passive \u00bb correspond \u00e0 l\u2019immunit\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9e via le colostrum.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Il est essentiel que les nouveau-n\u00e9s ing\u00e8rent du colostrum dans leurs <strong>premi\u00e8res heures de vie<\/strong> (0 \u00e0 6 h), parce qu\u2019apr\u00e8s, l\u2019intestin perd sa <strong>perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9<\/strong> aux anticorps.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8201\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8201\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8201\" src=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr.png\" alt=\"Proportion de chaque type d\u2019immunoglobuline dans le colostrum de la brebis. \" width=\"650\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr.png 1343w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr-1024x599.png 1024w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr-768x449.png 768w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr-750x439.png 750w, https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/colostrum-fr-1140x667.png 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8201\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ill 1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/280300651_Chapter_103_Immunoglobulins_and_Immunocytes_in_the_Mammary_Gland_and_Its_Secretions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Proportion de chaque type d\u2019immunoglobuline dans le colostrum de la brebis<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Autres fonctions du colostrum\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Source essentielle d\u2019<strong>\u00e9nergie et de nutriments<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Permet d\u2019\u00e9viter l\u2019<strong>hypothermie<\/strong>\u00a0: augmente la production de chaleur de 17\u00a0%.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Le <strong>microbiote et le microbiome<\/strong> transmis prot\u00e8gent contre les agents pathog\u00e8nes\u00a0: fonction probiotique et de barri\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Am\u00e9liore le <strong>lien entre le petit et la m\u00e8re<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Renforce le d\u00e9veloppement du <strong>syst\u00e8me immunitaire<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Augmente le <strong>taux de survie lors du sevrage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Contribue au <strong>d\u00e9veloppement gastro-intestinal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Garantit l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/controle-enzootique-avortement-chlamydia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efficacit\u00e9 de la reproduction<\/a> et une <strong>production optimale<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019avenir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<p>Le colostrum est <strong>essentiel \u00e0 la survie des agneaux et chevreaux<\/strong> ; il est donc important de s\u2019assurer que les nouveau-n\u00e9s l\u2019ing\u00e8rent correctement.<\/p>\n<p>En raison de sa <strong>fonction immunologique<\/strong>, nous pouvons l\u2019envisager comme une \u00ab\u00a0protection h\u00e9rit\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb contre les pathog\u00e8nes auxquels la m\u00e8re a pu \u00eatre expos\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est pourquoi la <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/vaccination-prevention-troupeau\/\">vaccination<\/a>\u00a0des m\u00e8res avant la mise bas contre les principales maladies affectant les nouveau-n\u00e9s est si importante, comme la <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/clostridiose-chez-les-ruminants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clostridiose<\/a>\u00a0ou la <a href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/problemes-respiratoires-un-probleme-de-plus-ou-plus-quun-probleme\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pasteurellose<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par :\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale est un probl\u00e8me auquel font face toutes les exploitations, et qui provoque d\u2019importantes pertes \u00e9conomiques. Environ 15 \u00e0 20 % des agneaux meurent dans leurs premiers jours d\u2019existence, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de ces statistiques demeurant tr\u00e8s difficile. Dans cet article, nous discuterons d\u2019une des clefs pour assurer la survie des nouveau-n\u00e9s : le colostrum. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autres-maladies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le colostrum est essentiel \u00e0 la survie des nouveau-n\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le colostrum a de multiples fonctions vitales pour les agneaux et les chevreaux. 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