{"id":8305,"date":"2023-03-01T12:07:59","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T12:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/clostridia-what-are-the-most-important-species\/"},"modified":"2023-03-17T10:47:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T10:47:57","slug":"principaux-clostridia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/principaux-clostridia\/","title":{"rendered":"Clostridia : quelles sont les principales esp\u00e8ces ?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Les clostridia sont responsables d\u2019un \u00e9ventail de pathologies chez les petits ruminants. Le plus souvent, le seul signe clinique est la mort d\u2019animaux sans cause apparente. Cette maladie a un impact global, mais les \u00e9leveurs et v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires ont des outils \u00e0 leur disposition pour pr\u00e9venir ce probl\u00e8me. Apprenez-en plus sur le sujet dans l\u2019article ci-dessous.<\/strong><\/div>\n

Qu\u2019est-ce que les clostridia\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Les clostridia<\/a> constituent un groupe de bact\u00e9ries Gram+ ana\u00e9robies, de forme arrondie, qui produisent des toxines, et qui sont pr\u00e9sentes dans l\u2019environnement et le tube digestif. Ils provoquent des toxi-infections non contagieuses, le plus souvent de manifestation hyperaigu\u00eb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"principaux
Ill. 1. Les clostridia sont pr\u00e9sentes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale et peuvent affecter toutes les exploitations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Elles se r\u00e9partissent en 3\u00a0grands groupes, en fonction de l\u2019action de la toxine\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Histotoxiques\u00a0<\/strong>: affectent les cellules sanguines, les membranes cellulaires des tissus et l\u2019endoth\u00e9lium. Elles provoquent gangr\u00e8ne et \u0153d\u00e8mes, principalement dans le tissu musculaire.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ent\u00e9rotoxiques<\/strong> : accroissent la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9, la motilit\u00e9 et la vasodilatation des intestins, et d\u00e9truisent \u00e9galement la muqueuse.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Neurotoxiques\u00a0<\/strong>: affectent le syst\u00e8me nerveux.<\/p>\n

Les toxines sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine des sympt\u00f4mes cliniques, de la mort de l\u2019animal et des l\u00e9sions observables lors de la n\u00e9cropsie.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les principaux clostridia<\/h2>\n

Les clostridia<\/strong> les plus fr\u00e9quents<\/a> <\/strong>fr\u00e9quents chez les petits ruminants sont les suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 C. perfringens<\/strong><\/em>: il s\u2019agit du plus important.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 type D<\/strong>: principal source d\u2019ent\u00e9rotox\u00e9mie et de mort subite. Lors de l\u2019examen post-mortem, il est possible d\u2019observer un rein pulpeux.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 type B et C:<\/strong> s\u2019attaquent aux animaux jeunes, provoquant diarrh\u00e9e h\u00e9morragique et d\u00e9c\u00e8s.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. novyi<\/em>:<\/strong> principalement le type\u00a0B\u00a0; il est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de n\u00e9croses h\u00e9patiques.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. chauvoei<\/em>:<\/strong> responsable de la maladie du charbon symptomatique (patte noire). Une boiterie et un noircissement des muscles sont observables du fait de la n\u00e9crose.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. septicum<\/em>:<\/strong> responsable du braxy (abomasite) et de l\u2019\u0153d\u00e8me malin, est l\u2019une des plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res sources de pertes de revenu.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. sordellii<\/em>:<\/strong> symptomatologie similaire \u00e0 celle de Cl. Septicum<\/em>. Les ovins y sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. tetani<\/em>:<\/strong> c\u2019est la source du t\u00e9tanos. Le principal signe est une paralysie rigide, puis la mort subite.<\/p>\n

Les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de clostridia partagent le code g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de plusieurs toxines, mais avec une capacit\u00e9 de production diff\u00e9rente.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Facteurs pr\u00e9disposants :<\/h2>\n

Les pathologies \u00e0 base de clostridia sont li\u00e9es aux facteurs suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Traumatismes<\/strong> ou proc\u00e9dures chirurgicales et non chirurgicales<\/strong> (amputation de la queue, tonte, agnelage, castrations, pr\u00e9dation, etc.).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Changements brusques de r\u00e9gime alimentaire<\/strong> ou mauvaise conservation<\/strong> des aliments.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mauvaise colostralisation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mauvaise d\u00e9sinfection<\/strong> des nombrils.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Stress<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

\u2013 Les clostridia ont un impact global<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ils produisent des toxines<\/strong>, \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la pathologie.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ils provoquent diff\u00e9rentes maladies<\/strong>, le plus souvent de manifestation hyperaigu\u00eb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 La vaccination<\/a> constitue l\u2019outil le plus efficace pour pr\u00e9venir les pathologies \u00e0 clostridia.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par\u00a0:<\/strong>
\nDavid Raimundo Crespo. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les clostridia sont responsables d\u2019un \u00e9ventail de pathologies chez les petits ruminants. Le plus souvent, le seul signe clinique est la mort d\u2019animaux sans cause apparente. Cette maladie a un impact global, mais les \u00e9leveurs et v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires ont des outils \u00e0 leur disposition pour pr\u00e9venir ce probl\u00e8me. Apprenez-en plus sur le sujet dans l\u2019article ci-dessous.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autres-maladies"],"yoast_head":"\nClostridia : quelles sont les principales esp\u00e8ces ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les clostridia constituent un groupe de bact\u00e9ries Gram+ ana\u00e9robies, de forme arrondie, qui produisent des toxines.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/principaux-clostridia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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