{"id":8736,"date":"2023-07-17T09:49:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=8736"},"modified":"2023-07-17T09:49:29","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:49:29","slug":"quelle-est-la-methode-la-plus-efficace-pour-prevenir-les-maladies-associees-a-clostridium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/quelle-est-la-methode-la-plus-efficace-pour-prevenir-les-maladies-associees-a-clostridium\/","title":{"rendered":"Quelle est la m\u00e9thode la plus efficace pour pr\u00e9venir les maladies associ\u00e9es \u00e0 Clostridium?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Les maladies associ\u00e9es \u00e0 clostridium<\/strong> affectent l\u2019ensemble des exploitations d\u2019\u00e9levage de brebis et de ch\u00e8vres<\/strong>. De par ses caract\u00e9ristiques, son contr\u00f4le est difficile en se contentant de r\u00e9duire les facteurs de risque<\/strong>. Il existe une mesure qui nous offre les meilleurs r\u00e9sultats pour prot\u00e9ger les animaux\u00a0: la vaccination.<\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Points importants<\/h2>\n

Les clostridium<\/strong><\/a>, du fait de l\u2019action de leurs toxines<\/strong>, peuvent \u00eatre responsables de pathologies<\/strong><\/a> tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es chez les ruminants, dont la mort subite<\/strong>, la gangr\u00e8ne, la diarrh\u00e9e h\u00e9morragique, la paralysie, etc.<\/p>\n

\n

Les clostridium sont l\u2019une des sources principales de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et de pertes de revenu pour les exploitations.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

La mesure de pr\u00e9vention et de contr\u00f4le<\/strong> la plus efficace est la vaccination<\/a>, car en se contentant de r\u00e9duire les facteurs pr\u00e9disposants<\/a> nous ne parviendrons pas \u00e0 un contr\u00f4le total de la maladie.<\/p>\n

En raison de son impact important, il est recommand\u00e9 de toujours inscrire les vaccinations contre clostridium dans les programmes prophylactiques de l\u2019exploitation.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ces vaccins doivent couvrir<\/strong> un large spectre <\/strong><\/a>de protection<\/strong> incluant principalement les esp\u00e8ces les plus end\u00e9miques \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion ou \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation<\/strong>, afin que les niveaux d\u2019antig\u00e8nes en circulation soient optimaux<\/strong> et prot\u00e8gent contre les maladies les plus pr\u00e9sentes au sein du troupeau.<\/p>\n

Les vaccins \u00e0 clostridium sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement bas\u00e9s sur des toxo\u00efdes pour que les anticorps soient confront\u00e9s aux toxines qu\u2019ils produisent.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Protocoles vaccinaux<\/h2>\n

Quand bien m\u00eame les clostridium<\/strong> sont omnipr\u00e9sents<\/strong>, il existe des \u00e9tapes de la vie de l\u2019animal ou des \u00e9poques de l\u2019ann\u00e9e auxquelles le risque est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/strong> de d\u00e9velopper une maladie<\/strong>. Par exemple, Cl. perfringens<\/em> affecte en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des animaux tr\u00e8s jeunes<\/strong> du fait d\u2019une dysbiose dans le tube digestif\u00a0; ou Cl. septicum<\/a> <\/em>qui peut causer des probl\u00e8mes en hiver lorsque les animaux mangent de l\u2019herbe gel\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

C’est pourquoi il y a des moments cl\u00e9s pour vacciner contre les clostridium<\/strong>, comme dans le cas de la vaccination pr\u00e9natale<\/strong>. En vaccinant les m\u00e8res 3 \u00e0 4\u00a0semaines environ avant la mise bas<\/strong>, des anticorps maternels<\/strong> seront transmis aux agneaux via le colostrum.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
Fig\u00a01. En vaccinant les m\u00e8res avant la mise bas, nous pourrons prot\u00e9ger les nouveau-n\u00e9s, qui sont tr\u00e8s vuln\u00e9rables.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u2019il est impossible de mettre en place un protocole pr\u00e9natal, il existe des vaccins<\/strong><\/a> commerciaux permettant de vacciner \u00e0 partir de la premi\u00e8re semaine <\/strong>de vie. Les agneaux seront ainsi \u00e9galement prot\u00e9g\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la premi\u00e8re vaccination, il est recommand\u00e9 d\u2019administrer une dose de rappel<\/strong> au moins tous les ans<\/strong>, bien qu\u2019une fr\u00e9quence sup\u00e9rieure puisse s\u2019av\u00e9rer n\u00e9cessaire en fonction des circonstances.<\/p>\n

Un autre point important est que les maladies \u00e0 clostridium<\/strong> se pr\u00e9sentent souvent comme des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies <\/strong>touchant de nombreux animaux. <\/strong>Dans ces cas-l\u00e0, la vaccination d\u2019urgence<\/strong> constitue un outil efficace pour prot\u00e9ger<\/strong> les animaux. Par cons\u00e9quent, les vaccins qui favorisent ce protocole<\/strong> nous aideront \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact \u00e9conomique<\/strong> de l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n

La vaccination pendant une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie prot\u00e9gera les animaux sains et \u00e9vitera de nouveaux cas.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

– Les clostridium sont sources de pertes importantes<\/strong> au sein des troupeaux non vaccin\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019utiliser des vaccins polyvalents<\/strong> couvrant les clostridium pr\u00e9sents sur l\u2019exploitation.<\/p>\n

– La d\u00e9finition d\u2019un bon plan vaccinal<\/strong> est essentielle pour r\u00e9ussir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par:<\/strong><\/p>\n

David Raimundo Crespo. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

Tania Peralvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les maladies associ\u00e9es \u00e0 clostridium affectent l\u2019ensemble des exploitations d\u2019\u00e9levage de brebis et de ch\u00e8vres. De par ses caract\u00e9ristiques, son contr\u00f4le est difficile en se contentant de r\u00e9duire les facteurs de risque. Il existe une mesure qui nous offre les meilleurs r\u00e9sultats pour prot\u00e9ger les animaux : la vaccination. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":8721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autres-maladies"],"yoast_head":"\nLa vaccination est la meilleure m\u00e9thode pour \u00e9viter la maladie associ\u00e9e \u00e0 clostridium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La mise en \u0153uvre d\u2019un plan de vaccination efficace contre clostridium permettra de prot\u00e9ger les animaux contre la maladie\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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