{"id":8772,"date":"2023-08-28T06:36:53","date_gmt":"2023-08-28T06:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=8772"},"modified":"2023-08-28T06:37:07","modified_gmt":"2023-08-28T06:37:07","slug":"cellules-somatiques-brevis-chevre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/fr\/cellules-somatiques-brevis-chevre\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce que les cellules somatiques? Points importants chez les petits ruminants"},"content":{"rendered":"
La production d\u2019un lait de brebis et de ch\u00e8vre de grande qualit\u00e9 s\u2019av\u00e8re de plus en plus essentielle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Un indicateur cl\u00e9 de d\u00e9termination de cette qualit\u00e9 est le comptage de cellules somatiques (CCS), il est donc important de savoir comment l\u2019interpr\u00e9ter. <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

D\u2019o\u00f9 proviennent les cellules somatiques ?<\/h2>\n

Les cellules somatiques<\/strong><\/a> proviennent de l\u2019organisme<\/strong> de l\u2019animal\u00a0; c\u2019est pourquoi le CCS n\u2019inclut pas d\u2019autres micro-organismes comme les bact\u00e9ries.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le CCS varie d\u2019une esp\u00e8ce \u00e0 l\u2019autre, et il est n\u00e9cessaire de tenir compte des particularit\u00e9s propres aux brebis et aux ch\u00e8vres.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Celles-ci peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9es en deux types\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– Cellules \u00e9pith\u00e9liales<\/strong>\u00a0: celles-ci proviennent de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et de la desquamation<\/strong> du tissu des alv\u00e9oles et canaux<\/strong>. La pr\u00e9sence de ces cellules est normale<\/strong> et n\u2019est pas li\u00e9e \u00e0 une pathologie quelconque.<\/p>\n

\"La
F1. La s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion des composants du lait peut \u00eatre de type m\u00e9rocrine ou apocrine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nous pouvons \u00e9galement trouver des fragments cellulaires. Ce point est important chez la ch\u00e8vre, car la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion<\/strong> des composants du lait est de type apocrine<\/strong>, ce qui signifie qu\u2019ils sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s dans des particules cytoplasmiques<\/strong>. Chez les brebis<\/strong> ces particules sont tr\u00e8s rares, la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion \u00e9tant principalement de type m\u00e9rocrine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

– <\/strong>Cellules sanguines<\/strong>\u00a0: la migration des leucocytes<\/strong> vers le tissu mammaire repr\u00e9sente la premi\u00e8re ligne de protection contre les pathog\u00e8nes<\/strong>. Ces cellules sont pr\u00e9sentes dans les pis sains<\/strong><\/a>, mais en cas d\u2019inflammation<\/strong>, leur p\u00e9n\u00e9tration dans le lait est accrue.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La pr\u00e9sence de leucocytes dans le lait constitue un indicateur de la sant\u00e9 du pis<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Chez les brebis, les cellules pr\u00e9dominantes sont les macrophages<\/strong>, tandis que chez les ch\u00e8vres il s\u2019agit des granulocytes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Type
Tableau 1. Type de cellules somatiques et leurs proportions chez l\u2019ovin, le caprin et le bovin. (Boutinand and Jammes, 2002)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/h2>\n

Quels facteurs peuvent accro\u00eetre le CCS ?<\/h2>\n

1. Facteurs inflammatoires:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

– <\/strong>Infectieux<\/strong>: les infections intramammaires<\/strong> sont les principales responsables de l\u2019augmentation du Que ce soit chez l\u2019ovin ou chez le caprin, le principal pathog\u00e8ne responsable de la mammite clinique<\/strong> est Staphylococcus aureus<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. Concernant la mammite subclinique<\/strong>, dont la pr\u00e9valence est la plus importante, les pathog\u00e8nes les plus importants sont les SCN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– <\/strong>Non infectieux<\/strong>: traumatismes, administration de m\u00e9dicaments, activit\u00e9 physique\u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019interpr\u00e9ation du CCS, il est \u00e9galement n\u00e9cessaire de tenir de facteurs physiologiques et environnementaux<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. <\/u><\/strong>Facteurs non inflammatoires<\/u><\/strong>: nombre de lactations, journ\u00e9es en lactation, routine de traite, nombre de traites\/jour, niveau de production, s\u00e9chage, race, hormones, stress, alimentation, saison\u2026<\/p>\n

3. <\/u><\/strong>Autres facteurs<\/u><\/strong>: technique de comptage, conservation de l\u2019\u00e9chantillon\u2026<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Conclusions<\/h2>\n

Une connaissance et une interpr\u00e9tation<\/strong> ad\u00e9quates du CCS<\/strong> sont essentielles pour \u00e9valuer la qualit\u00e9<\/strong> du lait des brebis et des ch\u00e8vres.<\/p>\n

Il nous permettra \u00e9galement de d\u00e9tecter<\/strong> les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 du pis<\/strong> et de mettre en \u0153uvre des mesures<\/strong> de contr\u00f4le<\/strong> mieux adapt\u00e9es, telles que la vaccination<\/strong> contre la mammite<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong>:<\/h5>\n
Sordillo, L.M.; Streicher, K.L. (2002). Mammary Gland Immunity and Mastitis Susceptibility. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 7:135-146.<\/h5>\n
Boutinaud, M.; Jammes, H. (2002) Potential uses of milk epithelial cells. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42:133\u2013147 INRA, EDP Sciences.<\/h5>\n
M.J. Paape, Bernard Poutrel, Antonio Contreras, Juan C. Marco and A. V. Capuco. (2001) Milk Somatic Cells and Lactation in Small Ruminants. J. Dairy Sci. 84(E. Suppl.): E237-E244 The American Dairy Science Association, 2001<\/h5>\n
Bergonier, D; et al. (2003) Mastitis of dairy small ruminants. Vet. Res. 34 (2003) 689\u2013716.<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les cellules somatiques sont un indicateur de la qualit\u00e9 du lait et de la sant\u00e9 du pis. Il est important de savoir de quoi il s\u2019agit et comment les interpr\u00e9ter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autres-maladies"],"yoast_head":"\nPoints cl\u00e9s concernant les cellules somatiques chez la brebis et la ch\u00e8vre<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les cellules somatiques sont un indicateur de la qualit\u00e9 du lait et de la sant\u00e9 du pis. 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