{"id":2546,"date":"2020-08-04T07:39:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T07:39:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/mastitis-diagnosis-in-sheep-goats-according-to-its-origin\/"},"modified":"2020-10-16T13:09:00","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T13:09:00","slug":"diagnosi-della-mastite-suggerimenti-per-una-diagnosi-piu-semplice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/diagnosi-della-mastite-suggerimenti-per-una-diagnosi-piu-semplice\/","title":{"rendered":"DIAGNOSI DELLA MASTITE \u2013 Suggerimenti per una diagnosi pi\u00f9 semplice"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

La diagnosi di mastite in ovini e caprini pu\u00f2 apparire complicata. Molti fattori differenti interferiscono nello sviluppo della malattia. Tuttavia, se viene definita l’origine eziologica (batteri associati agli animali, ambientali o opportunistici), risulta pi\u00f9 facile comprendere e stabilire misure di controllo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

CLASSIFICAZIONE FACILE PER DESCRIVERE IL PROBLEMA<\/h2>\n

Al fine di identificare le cause della mastite<\/a> e di adottare le misure giuste per controllarla, \u00e8 necessario tenere a mente la seguente figura.<\/p>\n

\"infezioni<\/a>
Figura 1: Fattori eziologici delle infezioni intramammarie.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Una volta compresa questa figura, definiamo 3 differenti origini che saranno di aiuto con l’interpretazione dei risultati di laboratorio. A tale scopo, abbiamo creato 3 tabelle.<\/p>\n

\u201cIl singolo animale, il microrganismo e la gestione rivestono un ruolo nello sviluppo della malattia\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Batteri associati all\u2019animale<\/strong> isolati da infezioni intramammarie cliniche o subcliniche in ovini e caprini<\/p>\n

\"tipo<\/a><\/p>\n

Batteri ambientali<\/strong> isolati da infezioni intramammarie cliniche o subcliniche in ovini e caprini<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Batteri opportunistici resistenti agli antibiotici<\/strong> isolati da infezioni intramammarie cliniche o subcliniche in ovini e caprini.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Tenere presente che un risultato batteriologico con:<\/p>\n

\u2022 un solo tipo di colonia in coltura<\/strong> \u00e8 considerato convenzionalmente valido<\/strong> (anche se possono essere presenti altri tipi senza crescita significativa sul terreno)
\n\u2022 due tipi di colonie in coltura<\/strong> deve essere convalidato in base alle specie identificate<\/strong> (una o entrambe possono essere un campione contaminante)
\n\u2022 tre o pi\u00f9<\/strong> tipi di colonie in coltura devono essere considerati non validi (contaminati<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

CARATTERISTICHE CHIAVE DEI PRINCIPALI AGENTI EZIOLOGICI<\/h2>\n

Gli S. aureus<\/strong><\/em> isolati da campioni di latte ovino e caprino sono correlati e differiscono dai campioni di latte bovino per la loro maggiore variabilit\u00e0. I ceppi mostrano un adattamento pronunciato ai piccoli ruminanti. I ceppi ovini e caprini sono pi\u00f9 leucotossici<\/strong><\/em> rispetto a quelli di origine bovina (Bergonier et al., 2014; Bar-Gal et al., 2015; Merz et al., 2016).<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
S. aureus (terreno Tryptic Soy Agar e RPF).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

La specie pi\u00f9 comunemente isolata di SCN<\/strong> include S. epidermidis, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes <\/em><\/strong>e S. simulans<\/em><\/strong>; anche S. caprae<\/em> \u00e8 comunemente rilevato nei caprini, ma anche negli ovini. Queste quattro specie sono anche le specie pi\u00f9 patogene tra gli SCN<\/strong>, come dimostrato dalle singole SCC. Altre venti specie circa vengono regolarmente o raramente isolate. Inoltre, varie specie coagulasi-positive poco frequenti possono essere isolate da IMI di piccoli ruminanti (S. intermedius, S. hyicus<\/em> ecc.); possono crescere se collocate su piastra di RPF (plasma fibrinogeno di coniglio) agar.<\/p>\n

\u201cS. epidermidis, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes e S. simulans sono gli SCN pi\u00f9 frequenti e patogeni\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tra i corineformi<\/strong>, sono stati isolati alcuni piogeni trueperella<\/em> in casi di IMI subcliniche; il gene del Corynebacterium<\/em> <\/strong>include una serie di specie generalmente non identificate o identificate erroneamente (mediante metodi biochimici convenzionali) le cui propriet\u00e0 patogene non sono ben differenziate.<\/p>\n

\"Mastitis<\/a>
E. coli<\/em> (terreni Tryptic Soy Agar ed EMB).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Per quanto riguarda il gene dello streptococco<\/strong><\/em>, le specie comuni sono in parte dipendenti dalla regione o dal Paese: S. agalactiae<\/em> nelle pecore in Spagna o Portogallo (Guerreiro et al., 2013), S. uberis<\/em> in Sardegna (Marogna et al., 2010), S. ovis<\/em> e aerococcus viridans<\/em> in Francia (pecore) ecc.<\/p>\n

I serbatoi e le modalit\u00e0 di trasmissione di questi differenti organismi sono in parte diversi; di fatto, sono necessari esami batteriologici con specie per mirare ai modelli IMI epidemiologici principali (mastite contagiosa vs mediata dagli agnelli vs ambientale<\/em>) al momento dell\u2019implementazione dei programmi di controllo.<\/p>\n

References:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Adattato da un articolo su Ovipedia di Dominique Bergonier, Medico Veterinario, Dipl. ECAR, Dipl. ECSRHM, Professore e ricercatore presso la scuola nazionale di veterinaria (ENV Toulouse) e la INRA (Francia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La diagnosi di mastite in ovini e caprini pu\u00f2 apparire complicata. Molti fattori differenti interferiscono nello sviluppo della malattia. 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