{"id":2591,"date":"2020-08-01T07:38:19","date_gmt":"2020-08-01T07:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/clinical-mastitis-sheep-goats\/"},"modified":"2020-10-13T06:58:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T06:58:13","slug":"clinical-mastitis-sheep-goats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/clinical-mastitis-sheep-goats\/","title":{"rendered":"MASTITE CLINICA: I casi visibili"},"content":{"rendered":"
La mastite clinica in ovini e caprini non \u00e8 cos\u00ec frequente come nei bovini, ma quando compare in un gregge o in un allevamento causa danni molto gravi. \u00c8 per questo che abbiamo bisogno di sapere quali sono i principali responsabili della mastite clinica nei piccoli ruminanti, in modo da agire di conseguenza ed evitare per tempo grandi problemi. Lo S. aureus<\/em> \u00e8 l\u2019unico agente patogeno che possiamo trovare?<\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

PANORAMICA GENERALE<\/h2>\n

A livello di allevamento<\/strong> nella mastite dei piccoli ruminanti<\/a>, viene comunemente isolato un solo patogeno \u201cprincipale\u201d<\/strong> in termini di frequenza (tra tutti i casi di mastite che si verificano durante la campagna). Questo particolare caratteristica epidemiologica (non condivisa nei bovini da latte) \u00e8 dovuta a due motivi: primo, la maggior parte dei batteri \u00e8 \u201ccontagiosa\u201d<\/strong> (stafilococchi, micoplasmi, alcuni streptococchi ecc.) e\/o mediata dagli agnelli (pasteurellaceae<\/em>, stafilococchi ecc.) e secondo, la produzione \u00e8 altamente concentrata<\/strong> (concomitanza dei periodi di suscettibilit\u00e0).<\/p>\n

La presenza comune di un solo patogeno principale \u00e8 un aspetto chiave per l\u2019implementazione di programmi di controllo per la vaccinazione e la gestione preventiva generale.<\/p>\n

L\u2019incidenza della mastite clinica in pecore e capre \u00e8 solitamente inferiore al 5-7% l\u2019anno<\/strong> (questa percentuale potrebbe essere sottostimata in quanto alcuni allevatori non registrano la mastite clinica lieve). Questo valore medio pu\u00f2 essere considerato un obiettivo tecnico per le mandrie da latte.<\/p>\n

\u201cLo S. aureus \u00e8 la causa pi\u00f9 comune della mastite clinica\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

PRINCIPALI PATOGENI DELLA MASTITE CLINICA<\/h2>\n

Tra i principali agenti che causano queste infezioni intramammarie (IMI) cliniche sporadiche<\/a>,\u00a0lo Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> \u00e8 il pi\u00f9 comune. Tutti gli allevatori conoscono la forma clinica tipica della mastite da S. aureus<\/strong><\/em>: la cosiddetta mastite \u201cgangrenosa\u201d<\/strong>, che dovrebbe essere indicata come mastite necrotica (denominata \u201cblue-bag\u201d dagli allevatori di lingua inglese).<\/p>\n

\"Mastite<\/a>
Mastite clinica da S. aureus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Altri importanti organismi che causano mastite clinica sporadica sono gli stafilococchi coagulasi-negativi (SCN), gli streptococchi, i coliformi e i corineformi. Nel caso di pecore (o capre) lattanti, \u00e8 stata isolata anche Mannheimia haemolytica<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

\"Mastite<\/a>
Mastite subacuta da M. haemolytica<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Questi principali gruppi batterici caratterizzano a livello eziologico la situazione basale \u201cnormale\u201d degli allevamenti senza emergenze (Bergonier et al., 2003). Quando la situazione epidemiologica peggiora, il gregge manifesta un\u2019improvvisa emergenza epizootica<\/strong> (aumento dell\u2019incidenza che avviene generalmente entro i primi 3 mesi di allattamento) o una condizione enzootica<\/strong> con recidive che solitamente avvengono all\u2019inizio di ogni campagna di produzione lattiero-casearia (giovani animali).<\/p>\n

\u201cI casi clinici si verificano generalmente nei primi 3 mesi di allattamento\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Riferimenti:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adattato da un articolo su Ovipedia di Dominique Bergonier, Medico Veterinario, Dipl. ECAR, Dipl. ECSRHM, Professore e ricercatore presso la scuola nazionale di veterinaria (ENV Toulouse) e la INRA (Francia).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La mastite clinica in ovini e caprini non \u00e8 cos\u00ec frequente come nei bovini, ma quando compare in un gregge o in un allevamento causa danni molto gravi. \u00c8 per questo che abbiamo bisogno di sapere quali sono i principali responsabili della mastite clinica nei piccoli ruminanti, in modo da agire di conseguenza ed evitare […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2592,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mastiti"],"yoast_head":"\nMastite clinica in ovini e caprini: Patogeno principale S. aureus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La mastite clinica in ovini e caprini causa solitamente danni molto gravi. 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