{"id":27698,"date":"2025-10-21T13:23:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=27698"},"modified":"2026-01-19T13:24:16","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T13:24:16","slug":"punti-chiave-per-la-diagnosi-di-%f0%9d%98%8a-%f0%9d%98%a2%f0%9d%98%a3%f0%9d%98%b0%f0%9d%98%b3%f0%9d%98%b5%f0%9d%98%b6%f0%9d%98%b4-agire-tempestivamente-per-garantirne-il-controllo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/punti-chiave-per-la-diagnosi-di-%f0%9d%98%8a-%f0%9d%98%a2%f0%9d%98%a3%f0%9d%98%b0%f0%9d%98%b3%f0%9d%98%b5%f0%9d%98%b6%f0%9d%98%b4-agire-tempestivamente-per-garantirne-il-controllo\/","title":{"rendered":"Punti chiave per la diagnosi di \ud835\ude0a. \ud835\ude22\ud835\ude23\ud835\ude30\ud835\ude33\ud835\ude35\ud835\ude36\ud835\ude34: agire tempestivamente per garantirne il controllo"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L’individuazione dell’agente causale di aborti negli ovini e nei caprini \u00e8 essenziale per attuare misure di controllo efficaci. Per diagnosticare correttamente Chlamydia abortus<\/em>, \u00e8 fondamentale agire tempestivamente e sapere quali sono i campioni pi\u00f9 indicati e quando devono essere prelevati.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Che cosa pu\u00f2 destare il sospetto di un’infezione da C. abortus<\/em>?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Aborti a fine gravidanza<\/p>\n

– Agnelli o caprette deboli<\/p>\n

– Mortalit\u00e0 neonatale<\/p>\n

– Epidemie di aborti<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

– Assenza di altri segni negli animali adulti<\/p>\n

– Placentite necrotica<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Questi segni<\/strong> possono essere indicativi di un’infezione da C. abortus<\/a>,<\/strong><\/em> sebbene anche altri agenti patogeni possano causare sintomi simili, come Salmonella, Coxiella o Toxoplasma.<\/p>\n

Sar\u00e0 sempre necessario confermare in laboratorio il patogeno coinvolto.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Raccomandazioni per una diagnosi corretta: Quali campioni devono essere prelevati?<\/h2>\n
\n

– Placenta:<\/strong> \u00e8 il campione di prima scelta<\/strong>. Cercare di prelevare le zone della placenta che mostrano lesioni per una corretta diagnosi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

– Feto abortito:<\/strong> \u00e8 possibile inviare al laboratorio il feto intero<\/strong>. I campioni pi\u00f9 utili sono la lana bagnata, il contenuto dell\u2019abomaso<\/strong> e i frammenti di organi interni.<\/p>\n

– Tamponi vaginali:<\/strong> nelle femmine che hanno abortito di recente<\/strong> (24-72 ore), i tamponi vaginali sono utili quando non \u00e8 disponibile n\u00e9 la placenta n\u00e9 il feto.<\/p>\n

– Siero ematico:<\/strong> deve essere prelevato dopo un aborto<\/strong> o un parto, quando si verifica la sieroconversione<\/strong> (aumento degli anticorpi).<\/p>\n

\"Immagine
\n\"Immagine
\n\"Immagine<\/div>\n
Fig. 1. Campioni di scelta: placenta, feto, tampone vaginale e siero<\/div>\n
\n

Per aumentare le possibilit\u00e0 di diagnosi, il campionamento deve essere effettuato il prima possibile<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Quali sono le tecniche migliori?<\/h2>\n

PCR:<\/strong> \u00e8 il metodo pi\u00f9 consigliato in virt\u00f9 dell\u2019elevata sensibilit\u00e0<\/strong>, specificit\u00e0<\/strong> e velocit\u00e0<\/strong>. La tempistica<\/strong> del campionamento \u00e8 fondamentale. La massima escrezione<\/strong><\/a> di Clamidia<\/em> si verifica nelle prime ore dopo l\u2019aborto. Se il campione viene raccolto in ritardo o si degrada, c\u2019\u00e8 il rischio di falsi negativi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Se possibile, la PCR dovrebbe essere la prima scelta<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

ELISA:<\/strong> permette di rilevare anticorpi<\/strong> contro C. abortus.<\/em> Generalmente, entro 3 mesi<\/strong> dall\u2019aborto si verifica un aumento degli anticorpi<\/strong>, che in questo periodo possono essere rilevabili.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Metodo<\/strong><\/td>\nObiettivo<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Conferma del patogeno<\/td>\nPrevalenza\/vigilanza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PCR<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELISA<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+++<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fissazione del complemento<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Immunoistochimica<\/td>\n++<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Colorazione dello striscio<\/td>\n+<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Fig. 2. A seconda della finalit\u00e0 possono essere utilizzate diverse tecniche diagnostiche<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

La sierologia<\/strong> presenta alcuni limiti, ad esempio non \u00e8 utile negli animali vaccinati<\/strong> perch\u00e9 non \u00e8 possibile distinguere gli anticorpi naturali dagli anticorpi vaccinali.<\/p>\n

Il metodo ELISA<\/strong> pu\u00f2 essere utilizzato anche per il monitoraggio<\/strong> della malattia, per valutare la circolazione<\/strong> del patogeno nel gregge.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Considerazioni importanti per la diagnosi<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Inviare >1 campione<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Prelevare i campioni da diversi animali<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Evitare la contaminazione<\/strong> durante il prelievo del campione<\/li>\n
  4. Effettuare l\u2019invio il prima possibile<\/strong> (entro 24 ore)<\/li>\n
  5. Refrigerare o congelare<\/strong> i campioni<\/li>\n
  6. Combinare<\/strong> diverse tecniche per aumentare le possibilit\u00e0 di rilevare gli agenti patogeni<\/li>\n
  7. Utilizzare dispositivi di protezione individuale<\/strong> (guanti, mascherina): molti agenti patogeni sono zoonotici<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Conclusioni<\/h2>\n

    La diagnosi<\/strong> deve essere effettuata il prima possibile per attuare la migliore strategia<\/strong> di controllo, come ad esempio la vaccinazione<\/strong><\/a> del gregge.<\/p>\n

    Un campionamento corretto e l’uso di tecniche affidabili aumentano le possibilit\u00e0 di rilevare l’agente patogeno<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Autrice dell’articolo:<\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n

    Riferimenti bibliografici:
    \n<\/strong>Capitolo 3.7.5 Enzootic abortions of ewes (Ovine Chlamydiosis). Ovine Terrestrial Manual 2018<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L’individuazione dell’agente che causa gli aborti negli ovini e nei caprini \u00e8 essenziale per attuare misure di controllo efficaci. Per diagnosticare correttamente Chlamydia abortus, \u00e8 fondamentale agire tempestivamente e sapere quali sono i campioni pi\u00f9 indicati e quando devono essere prelevati.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":9802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-riproduttivo"],"yoast_head":"\nPunti chiave per la diagnosi di C. abortus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'individuazione dell'agente che causa gli aborti negli ovini e nei caprini \u00e8 essenziale per attuare misure di controllo efficaci.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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