{"id":6391,"date":"2022-01-26T11:32:03","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T11:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/?p=6391"},"modified":"2022-02-18T10:56:33","modified_gmt":"2022-02-18T10:56:33","slug":"resistenze-antimicrobiche-one-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/resistenze-antimicrobiche-one-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Resistenze antimicrobiche e \u201cOne Health\u201d: \u00e8 tutto collegato"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La filosofia \u201cOne Health<\/a>\u201d sostiene che la salute umana e quella animale sono interdipendenti e legate agli ecosistemi in cui coesistono (OIE). Pi\u00f9 avanti vedremo perch\u00e9 questo concetto \u00e8 essenziale per affrontare il problema delle resistenze antimicrobiche. <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Perch\u00e9 il concetto di One Health \u00e8 importante?<\/h2>\n

L’uso inappropriato degli antibiotici provoca la comparsa di batteri resistenti<\/a>, che si moltiplicano e possono arrivare a diffondersi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c8 stata osservata una relazione<\/a> tra la comparsa di resistenze antimicrobiche negli esseri umani e l’uso di antibiotici negli animali, per cui si pu\u00f2 dedurre che esista una trasmissione.<\/p>\n

Il problema delle resistenze deve essere affrontato adottando un approccio “One Health”.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Numerosi studi<\/a> mostrano che i batteri resistenti possono diffondersi in nicchie ecologiche tramite diverse interazioni tra esseri umani, animali e ambiente.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c8 tutto collegato<\/h2>\n

Le resistenze si possono trasmettere in diversi modi:<\/p>\n

Tra animali:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A causa dell’uso inappropriato di antibiotici negli animali<\/a>, principalmente come profilassi o fattori di crescita, compaiono ceppi resistenti. \u00c8 molto facile che si diffondano<\/a>\u00a0nella mandria e\/o nell’allevamento e successivamente ad altre specie.<\/p>\n

Tra animali ed esseri umani:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

La trasmissione avviene per contatto diretto o attraverso prodotti<\/a>\u00a0di origine animale come carne, uova e latte. Un chiaro esempio \u00e8 nel macello<\/a>, dove \u00e8 facile che i batteri resistenti presenti nell’animale si trasmettano al prodotto finale.<\/p>\n

I batteri resistenti si trasmettono facilmente attraverso la catena alimentare.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dagli animali all’ambiente:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le colture possono contaminarsi se si utilizza il letame come fertilizzante, nonch\u00e9 attraverso le acque contenenti i liquami degli allevamenti.<\/p>\n

Dall’ambiente agli esseri umani:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

I batteri resistenti possono trasmettersi agli esseri umani mediante l’ingestione di frutta e verdura provenienti da colture contaminate. Inoltre, \u00e8 possibile che geni della resistenza vengano trasmessi alla flora intestinale normale.<\/p>\n

I batteri resistenti si trovano anche nei fiumi e nelle riserve idriche, ove permangono anche dopo il trattamento negli impianti di depurazione.<\/p>\n

Tra esseri umani:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

I batteri resistenti si diffondono facilmente nella societ\u00e0. Possono trasmettersi per contatto diretto o indiretto, come tramite la contaminazione delle superfici. Gli ospedali<\/a> sono “punti caldi” per la loro diffusione. Questi batteri possono trasmettersi tra malati, personale sanitario e visitatori.<\/p>\n

\u00c8 fondamentale che i professionisti sanitari prescrivano antibiotici adeguati.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Anche il turismo e il commercio internazionale sono un’importante via di propagazione.<\/p>\n

\"Processi
Fig. 1. Processi di diffusione di batteri resistenti nell’interfaccia uomo-animale-ambiente.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Conclusioni<\/h2>\n

\u25cf La salute umana, animale e ambientale sono strettamente correlate.
\n\u25cf Per combattere la resistenza antimicrobica \u00e8 necessaria la collaborazione tra varie discipline (veterinari, medici, ricercatori, biologi, ecc.).
\n\u25cf \u00c8 necessario definire strategie per ridurre l’uso di antibiotici, compresa la vaccinazione.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autrice dell’articolo:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Product Manager Small Ruminants Unit \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La filosofia \u201cOne Health\u201d sostiene che la salute umana e quella animale sono interdipendenti e legate agli ecosistemi in cui coesistono (OIE). Pi\u00f9 avanti vedremo perch\u00e9 questo concetto \u00e8 essenziale per affrontare il problema delle resistenze antimicrobiche.   Perch\u00e9 il concetto di One Health \u00e8 importante? L’uso inappropriato degli antibiotici provoca la comparsa di batteri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":6356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-riduzione-antibiotica"],"yoast_head":"\nOne Health e resistenza agli antimicrobici<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"One Health e AMR: diffusione della resistenza antimicrobica nell'interfaccia uomo-animale-ambiente\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/resistenze-antimicrobiche-one-health\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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