{"id":7426,"date":"2022-05-04T13:09:41","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T13:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/ovine-respiratory-complex-understanding-its-secrets\/"},"modified":"2026-02-24T10:29:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T10:29:26","slug":"leucotossina-mannheimia-malattia-respiratoria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/leucotossina-mannheimia-malattia-respiratoria\/","title":{"rendered":"Il complesso respiratorio ovino: impariamo a conoscerlo"},"content":{"rendered":"
Il complesso respiratorio ovino \u00e8 una delle principali cause di perdita<\/a> negli allevamenti ovini e caprini. L’agente patogeno principale \u00e8 il batterio Mannheimia Haemolytica<\/em> che presenta vari fattori di virulenza responsabili dell’insorgere della malattia. Vediamo di seguito come si comporta il pi\u00f9 importante di questi fattori, la leucotossina. <\/strong><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

Per cominciare…<\/h2>\n

La Mannheimia haemolytica<\/em> \u00e8 l’agente che causa la pleuropolmonite fibrinosa<\/a>\u00a0nei ruminanti, ma anche la setticemia<\/strong> negli agnelli e la mastite<\/a> nelle pecore. I fattori di virulenza sono vari<\/strong>: la leucotossina<\/strong> (LKT), i lipopolisaccaridi, le proteine della membrana esterna, le proteine regolatrici del ferro, le fimbrie, gli enzimi, le adesine, gli antigeni agglutinanti sierotipo-specifici e i plasmidi resistenti agli antibiotici<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La leucotossina \u00e8 responsabile dei segni clinici e delle lesioni polmonari.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La leucotossina<\/a>\u00a0\u00e8 presente in tutti i sierotipi e viene prodotta quando il batterio \u00e8 nella fase di crescita logaritmica<\/strong>. \u00c8 il fattore di virulenza principale<\/strong> e le cellule colpite sono i leucociti<\/strong>, soprattutto i leucociti polimorfonucleati.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Come si comporta la leucotossina?<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. A basse concentrazioni la leucotossina attiva i macrofagi<\/strong> alveolari e, rilasciando citochine<\/strong>, questi stimolano la migrazione dei neutrofili<\/strong> negli alveoli.<\/li>\n
  2. Sia i macrofagi che i neutrofili vengono attivati dalla leucotossina<\/strong> con rilascio di mediatori dell\u2019infiammazione come le specie radicaliche tossiche dell\u2019ossigeno, le proteasi e le citochine<\/strong>. La leucotossina, inoltre, promuove l\u2019apoptosi<\/a> , fatto che permette al batterio Mannheimia di sfuggire alla sorveglianza del sistema immunitario e alla risposta immunitaria innata.<\/li>\n
  3. Ad alte concentrazioni la leucotossina distrugge i leucociti formando dei pori<\/strong> nelle membrane, permettendo cos\u00ec alla Mannheimia di continuare a proliferare con facilit\u00e0.<\/li>\n
  4. Inoltre, con la distruzione di queste cellule vengono rilasciate delle sostanze tossiche<\/strong> come gli enzimi proteolitici, l’istamina, le prostaglandine,<\/strong> ecc., che danneggiano i tessuti dei polmoni.<\/li>\n
  5. Questi processi causano le tipiche lesioni fibronopurulente<\/strong> e necrosi polmonare<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"\"
    Fig 1. I processi biologici causati dalla leucotossina nello spazio alveolare, che causano lesioni polmonari.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Come combattere il problema<\/h2>\n

    La Mannheimia supera i meccanismi di difesa<\/strong> dell\u2019ospite grazie all\u2019azione della leucotossina, dunque \u00e8 importante proteggere gli animali da quest\u2019ultima.<\/p>\n

    Per questo motivo, i vaccini che contengono il leucotossoide <\/a>sembrano essere la migliore opzione per il controllo del complesso respiratorio ovino. Questi vaccini hanno dimostrato di stimolare alti titoli anticorpali<\/strong> contro la leucotossina, fornendo un alto livello di protezione<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    I vaccini che contengono leucotossoide sono dunque la migliore opzione per fornire protezione dal complesso respiratorio ovino.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Articolo scritto da<\/strong>
    \nTania Per\u00e1lvarez Puerta. Product Manager Small Ruminants Unit \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Il complesso respiratorio ovino \u00e8 una delle principali cause di perdita negli allevamenti ovini e caprini. L’agente patogeno principale \u00e8 il batterio Mannheimia Haemolytica che presenta vari fattori di virulenza responsabili dell’insorgere della malattia. Vediamo di seguito come si comporta il pi\u00f9 importante di questi fattori, la leucotossina.   Per cominciare… La Mannheimia haemolytica \u00e8 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7450,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-problemi-respiratori"],"yoast_head":"\nLa leucotossina di Mannheimia \u00e8 la principale causa di malattia respiratoria<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le malattie respiratorie sono una malattia grave degli ovini e dei caprini. 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