{"id":8318,"date":"2023-03-01T13:41:27","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T13:41:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/clostridia-what-are-the-most-important-species\/"},"modified":"2023-03-17T10:48:22","modified_gmt":"2023-03-17T10:48:22","slug":"principali-clostridi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/principali-clostridi\/","title":{"rendered":"Clostridi: quali sono le specie pi\u00f9 importanti?"},"content":{"rendered":"
I clostridi sono responsabili di varie patologie nei piccoli ruminanti. Molte volte l’unico segno clinico \u00e8 costituito dal decesso di animali senza alcuna causa apparente. L’impatto di questa malattia \u00e8 globale, ma allevatori e veterinari hanno a disposizione strumenti per prevenire il problema. Scopri di pi\u00f9 sull’argomento nel seguente articolo. <\/strong><\/div>\n

Che cosa sono i clostridi?<\/h2>\n

I clostridi<\/a> sono un gruppo di batteri Gram+ anaerobi, di forma circolare e produttori di tossine, che sono presenti nell’ambiente e nell’apparato digerente. Provocano tossinfezioni non contagiose, per lo pi\u00f9 a decorso iperacuto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"principali
Fig. 1. I clostridi hanno una distribuzione mondiale e possono colpire qualsiasi allevamento.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Si suddividono in 3 macrogruppi, a seconda dell’azione della tossina:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Istotossici<\/strong>: colpiscono le cellule ematiche, le membrane cellulari dei tessuti e l’endotelio. Causano principalmente cancrena ed edema nel tessuto muscolare.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Enterotossici:<\/strong> aumentano la permeabilit\u00e0, la motilit\u00e0 e la vasodilatazione dell’intestino, oltre a distruggere la mucosa.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Neurotossici<\/strong>: colpiscono il sistema nervoso.<\/p>\n

Le tossine sono responsabili dei sintomi clinici, della morte dell’animale e delle lesioni osservabili all’autopsia.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

I principali clostridi<\/h2>\n

I clostridi<\/strong> pi\u00f9 frequenti<\/a> nei piccoli ruminanti sono:<\/p>\n

\u2013 C. perfringens<\/strong>:<\/em> \u00e8 il pi\u00f9 importante.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 tipo D<\/strong>: principale causa di enterotossiemia e morte improvvisa. All’ispezione post mortem si pu\u00f2 osservare il rene molle.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 tipo B e C<\/strong>: colpiscono gli animali giovani, causando diarrea emorragica e morte.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. novyi<\/em>:<\/strong> prevalentemente di tipo B, \u00e8 causa di necrosi epatica.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. chauvoei<\/em>:<\/strong> responsabile del carbonchio sintomatico (black leg). Possiamo vedere animali con zoppia e muscolatura nera a causa della necrosi.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. septicum<\/em>:<\/strong> responsabile del braxy (abomasite) e dell’edema maligno, \u00e8 uno degli agenti patogeni che causa perdite economiche pi\u00f9 gravi.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. sordellii<\/em>:<\/strong> causa una sintomatologia simile a quella del C. septicum<\/em>. Gli ovini sono molto suscettibili.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0C. tetani<\/em>:<\/strong> \u00e8 responsabile del tetano. Il segno principale \u00e8 costituito da paralisi rigida e morte improvvisa.<\/p>\n

Le diverse specie di clostridi condividono il codice genetico di varie tossine, ma con differenti capacit\u00e0 di produzione.<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fattori predisponenti:<\/h2>\n

Le malattie da clostridi sono correlate ai seguenti fattori:<\/p>\n

\u2013 Traumi o procedure<\/strong>, chirurgiche o meno (taglio della coda, tosatura, parto, castrazione, predazione… ecc.).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Bruschi cambiamenti<\/strong> nella dieta o cattiva conservazione degli alimenti.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cattiva gestione della colostratura<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Cattiva disinfezione<\/strong> degli ombelichi.<\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Stress<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusioni<\/h2>\n

\u2013 I clostridi hanno un impatto globale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Producono tossine<\/strong>, che sono la causa della patologia.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Causano varie malattie, la maggior parte delle quali ha un decorso iperacuto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u2013 La vaccinazione<\/a> \u00e8 lo strumento pi\u00f9 efficace per prevenire la malattia da clostridi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Articolo scritto da:<\/strong>
\nDavid Raimundo Crespo. Global Product Manager, Small Ruminants Franchise \u2013 HIPRA<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I clostridi sono responsabili di varie patologie nei piccoli ruminanti. Molte volte l’unico segno clinico \u00e8 costituito dal decesso di animali senza alcuna causa apparente. L’impatto di questa malattia \u00e8 globale, ma allevatori e veterinari hanno a disposizione strumenti per prevenire il problema. Scopri di pi\u00f9 sull’argomento nel seguente articolo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":8279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-altre-malattie"],"yoast_head":"\nPanoramica dei principali clostridi e dei problemi che causano<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I clostridi, a causa delle loro tossine, sono una delle principali cause di perdite economiche negli allevamenti.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aboutsmallruminants.com\/it\/principali-clostridi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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